It is essential to note that these significantly increased risks
of adverse outcomes from the setting of home and from the setting of free - standing birth centers reported here may be serious underestimations of clinical complications.
Not exact matches
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially
from those reflected in such forward - looking statements and that should be considered in evaluating our outlook include, but are not limited to, the following: 1) our ability to continue to grow our business and execute our growth strategy, including the timing, execution, and profitability
of new and maturing programs; 2) our ability to perform our obligations under our new and maturing commercial, business aircraft, and military development programs, and the related recurring production; 3) our ability to accurately estimate and manage performance, cost, and revenue under our contracts, including our ability to achieve certain cost reductions with respect to the B787 program; 4) margin pressures and the potential for additional forward losses on new and maturing programs; 5) our ability to accommodate, and the cost
of accommodating, announced increases in the build rates
of certain aircraft; 6) the effect on aircraft demand and build rates
of changing customer preferences for business aircraft, including the effect
of global economic conditions on the business aircraft market and expanding conflicts or political unrest in the Middle East or Asia; 7) customer cancellations or deferrals as a result
of global economic uncertainty or otherwise; 8) the effect
of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which we operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; 9) the success and timely execution
of key milestones such as the receipt
of necessary regulatory approvals, including our ability to obtain in a timely fashion any required regulatory or other third party approvals for the consummation
of our announced acquisition
of Asco, and customer adherence to their announced schedules; 10) our ability to successfully negotiate, or re-negotiate, future pricing under our supply agreements with Boeing and our other customers; 11) our ability to enter into profitable supply arrangements with additional customers; 12) the ability
of all parties to satisfy their performance requirements under existing supply contracts with our two major customers, Boeing and Airbus, and other customers, and the risk
of nonpayment by such customers; 13) any
adverse impact on Boeing's and Airbus» production
of aircraft resulting
from cancellations, deferrals, or reduced orders by their customers or
from labor disputes, domestic or international hostilities, or acts
of terrorism; 14) any
adverse impact on the demand for air travel or our operations
from the outbreak
of diseases or epidemic or pandemic outbreaks; 15) our ability to avoid or recover
from cyber-based or other security attacks, information technology failures, or other disruptions; 16) returns on pension plan assets and the impact
of future discount rate changes on pension obligations; 17) our ability to borrow additional funds or refinance debt, including our ability to obtain the debt to finance the purchase price for our announced acquisition
of Asco on favorable terms or at all; 18) competition
from commercial aerospace original equipment manufacturers and other aerostructures suppliers; 19) the effect
of governmental laws, such as U.S. export control laws and U.S. and foreign anti-bribery laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom Bribery Act, and environmental laws and agency regulations, both in the U.S. and abroad; 20) the effect
of changes in tax law, such as the effect
of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the «TCJA») that was enacted on December 22, 2017, and changes to the interpretations
of or guidance related thereto, and the Company's ability to accurately calculate and estimate the effect
of such changes; 21) any reduction in our credit ratings; 22) our dependence on our suppliers, as well as the cost and availability
of raw materials and purchased components; 23) our ability to recruit and retain a critical mass
of highly - skilled employees and our relationships with the unions representing many
of our employees; 24) spending by the U.S. and other governments on defense; 25) the possibility that our cash flows and our credit facility may not be adequate for our additional capital needs or for payment
of interest on, and principal
of, our indebtedness; 26) our exposure under our revolving credit facility to higher interest payments should interest rates increase substantially; 27) the effectiveness
of any interest rate hedging programs; 28) the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting; 29) the
outcome or impact
of ongoing or future litigation, claims, and regulatory actions; 30) exposure to potential product liability and warranty claims; 31) our ability to effectively assess, manage and integrate acquisitions that we pursue, including our ability to successfully integrate the Asco business and generate synergies and other cost savings; 32) our ability to consummate our announced acquisition
of Asco in a timely matter while avoiding any unexpected costs, charges, expenses,
adverse changes to business relationships and other business disruptions for ourselves and Asco as a result
of the acquisition; 33) our ability to continue selling certain receivables through our supplier financing program; 34) the risks
of doing business internationally, including fluctuations in foreign current exchange rates, impositions
of tariffs or embargoes, compliance with foreign laws, and domestic and foreign government policies; and 35) our ability to complete the proposed accelerated stock repurchase plan, among other things.
These risks and uncertainties include, among others: the unfavorable
outcome of litigation, including so - called «Paragraph IV» litigation and other patent litigation, related to any
of our products or products using our proprietary technologies, which may lead to competition
from generic drug manufacturers; data
from clinical trials may be interpreted by the FDA in different ways than we interpret it; the FDA may not agree with our regulatory approval strategies or components
of our filings for our products, including our clinical trial designs, conduct and methodologies and, for ALKS 5461, evidence
of efficacy and adequacy
of bridging to buprenorphine; clinical development activities may not be completed on time or at all; the results
of our clinical development activities may not be positive, or predictive
of real - world results or
of results in subsequent clinical trials; regulatory submissions may not occur or be submitted in a timely manner; the company and its licensees may not be able to continue to successfully commercialize their products; there may be a reduction in payment rate or reimbursement for the company's products or an increase in the company's financial obligations to governmental payers; the FDA or regulatory authorities outside the U.S. may make
adverse decisions regarding the company's products; the company's products may prove difficult to manufacture, be precluded
from commercialization by the proprietary rights
of third parties, or have unintended side effects,
adverse reactions or incidents
of misuse; and those risks and uncertainties described under the heading «Risk Factors» in the company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10 - K and in subsequent filings made by the company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission («SEC»), which are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
My conclusion is that the easing
of financial conditions resulting
from non-traditional policy actions has had a material effect on both nominal and real growth and has demonstrably reduced the risk
of particularly
adverse outcomes.
We regularly assess the likelihood
of adverse outcomes resulting
from these examinations to determine the adequacy
of our provision for income taxes.
Mr Joyce has previously described ESCAS as making Australia «a clear world leader in the welfare
of exported live animals» due to statistics that showed
from a performance report that 8,035,633 livestock were exported with just 12,958 animals — or 0.16 pc — experiencing a potentially
adverse animal welfare
outcome.
Quote
from the midwife site:» There was no evidence that planned home birth among low risk women leads to an increased risk
of severe
adverse maternal
outcomes in a maternity care system with well trained midwives and a good referral and transportation system.»
Helping adolescent males to delay fatherhood may also be important
from a child health perspective: research that controlled for maternal age and other key factors found teenage fatherhood associated with an increased risk
of adverse pregnancy
outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight and neonatal death (Chen et al, 2007).
* If * morbidity is lower in the homebirth group because more
of those ill women died, and were thus removed
from the sample, the apparent rate
of «severe
adverse maternal»
outcomes has been artificially deflated in the homebirth group — by an unknown amount — and therefore is evidence
of pretty much nothing.
In many previous U.S. studies, it was not possible to disaggregate planned in - hospital births
from planned out -
of - hospital births that took place in the hospital after a woman's intrapartum transfer to the hospital.3, 9,10 The latter births represent 16.5 %
of planned out -
of - hospital births in our population, and misclassification
of these births as in - hospital births caused rates
of adverse outcomes among planned out -
of - hospital births to be underestimated (in some cases, substantially).
The results overall confirm the substantial health benefits
of breastfeeding: it protects against a spectrum
of adverse health
outcomes for children, and breastfeeding mothers also gain
from having breastfed.
When we restricted the home - birth group to women who actually gave birth at home, the rates
of adverse maternal and newborn
outcomes did not differ significantly
from those among all planned home births.
In the article, Stamatina Iliodromiti
from the University
of Glasgow, UK, and colleagues found birth weight less than 25th or greater than 85th centile to be associated with greater risk
of adverse outcomes compared with birth weight within these cutoffs, suggesting an expansion
of the definition
of «fetus at risk» beyond the less than 10th or greater than 90th centile range that is commonly used to trigger surveillance
of fetal well - being and / or delivery.
«We have documented the full clinical spectrum
of acute Zika virus infection in 12 %
of all such cases imported to Canada
from the Americas over a 1 - year period, including
adverse fetal and neurologic
outcomes, as well as sexual transmission,» write the authors.
Limitations
of the study include that causality
of adverse events can not be determined
from the data, health
outcomes are self - reported and reports
from consumers vs. health care professionals can not be distinguished.
A recent study
from the Thai - Myanmar border highlights the severe and previously under - reported
adverse impact
of readily treatable tropical rickettsial illnesses, notably scrub typhus and murine typhus, on pregnancy
outcomes, finding that more than one third
of affected pregnancies resulted either in stillbirth or premature and / or low birth weight babies.
In general, genetic polymorphisms result in alterations
of pharmacokinetic and / or pharmacodynamics properties which are then reflected in therapy
outcomes that range
from potentially life - threatening
adverse effects to inadequate therapeutic response.
Although it is often suggested that children with epilepsy who are benefiting
from ketogenic dietary therapy continue this for at least two years, duration
of treatment could be shorter in patients with infantile spasms who become seizure - free; one study reported no
adverse effect on seizure
outcomes and less risk
of growth disturbances when treatment was tapered down after 8 months (15).
«Much work has already shown
adverse outcomes from too much saturated fat in the diet, in addition to the development
of diabetes, heart disease, and other cardiovascular events.
19Bakker R. et al. (2010) Maternal caffeine intake
from coffee and tea, fetal growth, and the risks
of adverse birth
outcomes: the Generation R Study.
The World Health Organization recommended less than 10 %
of calories
from added sugar based on its assessment
of higher consumption and
adverse health
outcomes.4 With the evidence
of higher added sugar consumption and
adverse health
outcomes accumulating, the American Heart Association recommended that total calories
from added sugar should be less than 100 calories / d for most women and less than 150 calories / d for most men.5 Our analysis suggests that participants who consumed greater than or equal to 10 % but less than 25 %
of calories
from added sugar, the level below the Institute
of Medicine recommendation and above the World Health Organization / American Heart Association recommendation, had a 30 % higher risk
of CVD mortality; for those who consumed 25 % or more
of calories
from added sugar, the relative risk was nearly tripled (fully adjusted HR, 2.75).
Both books focus on the importance
of developing resilience — an affirmation
of the value
of a child's ability to recover and learn
from adverse outcomes, whether these are accidents and injuries, failure, conflict, abuse, neglect or even tragedy.
Furthermore, Google is already burdened with many other risks, for instance: (1) increased competition
from general purpose search engines and information services (page 7); (2) dependency on remaining competitive and providing value to advertisers (page 7); (3) being subject to increased regulatory scrutiny which may negatively impact business (page 8); (4) being «regularly subject to claims, suits, government investigations, and other proceedings that may result in
adverse outcomes» (page 8); (5) «Privacy concerns relating to our technology could damage our reputation and deter current and potential users
from using our products and services» (page 12); (6) «Web spam and content farms could decrease our search quality, which could damage our reputation and deter our current and potential users
from using our products and services» (page 13); (7) «Internet access providers may be able to restrict, block, degrade, or charge for access to certain
of our products and services, which could lead to additional expenses and the loss
of users and advertisers» (page 16); (8) «New technologies could block online ads, which would harm our business» (page 16).
Such statements reflect the current views
of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the
outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Noble's products, low growth or declining sales and net income due to various factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Noble's computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service, effects
of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels
of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction
of the device business, including possible reduction in sales
of content, accessories and other merchandise and other
adverse financial impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that returns
from consumers or channels
of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate
of investment spend, higher - than - anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance
of Barnes & Noble's online, digital and other initiatives, the success
of Barnes & Noble's strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated
adverse litigation results or effects, product and component shortages, the potential
adverse impact on the Company's businesses resulting
from the Company's prior reviews
of strategic alternatives and the potential separation
of the Company's businesses, the risk that the transactions with Microsoft and Pearson do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in excess
of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Media's applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution
of those applications is not achieved, risks associated with the international expansion contemplated by the relationship with Microsoft, including that it is not successful or is delayed, the risk that NOOK Media is not able to perform its obligations under the Microsoft and Pearson commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, risks associated with the restatement contained in, the delayed filing
of, and the material weakness in internal controls described in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, risks associated with the SEC investigation disclosed in the quarterly report on Form 10 - Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 26, 2013, risks associated with the ongoing efforts to rationalize the NOOK business and the expected costs and benefits
of such efforts and associated risks and other factors which may be outside
of Barnes & Noble's control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter
from time to time with the SEC.
Such statements reflect the current views
of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the
outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the effect
of the proposed separation
of NOOK Media, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Noble's products, low growth or declining sales and net income due to various factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Noble's computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service, effects
of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels
of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction
of the device business, including possible reduction in sales
of content, accessories and other merchandise and other
adverse financial impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that returns
from consumers or channels
of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate
of investment spend, higher - than - anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance
of Barnes & Noble's online, digital and other initiatives, the success
of Barnes & Noble's strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated
adverse litigation results or effects, product and component shortages, risks associated with the commercial agreement with Samsung, the potential
adverse impact on the Company's businesses resulting
from the Company's prior reviews
of strategic alternatives and the potential separation
of the Company's businesses (including with respect to the timing
of the completion thereof), the risk that the transactions with Pearson and Samsung do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in excess
of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Media's applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution
of those applications is not achieved, risks associated with the international expansion previously undertaken, including any risks associated with a reduction
of international operations following termination
of the Microsoft commercial agreement, the risk that NOOK Media is not able to perform its obligations under the Pearson and Samsung commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, the risks associated with the termination
of Microsoft commercial agreement, including potential customer losses, risks associated with the restatement contained in, the delayed filing
of, and the material weakness in internal controls described in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, risks associated with the SEC investigation disclosed in the quarterly report on Form 10 - Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 26, 2013, risks associated with the ongoing efforts to rationalize the NOOK business and the expected costs and benefits
of such efforts and associated risks and other factors which may be outside
of Barnes & Noble's control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended May 3, 2014, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter
from time to time with the SEC.
Such statements reflect the current views
of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the
outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Noble's products, low growth or declining sales and net income due to various factors, including store closings, higher - than - anticipated or increasing costs, including with respect to store closings, relocation, occupancy (including in connection with lease renewals) and labor costs, the effects
of competition, the risk
of insufficient access to financing to implement future business initiatives, risks associated with data privacy and information security, risks associated with Barnes & Noble's supply chain, including possible delays and disruptions and increases in shipping rates, various risks associated with the digital business, including the possible loss
of customers, declines in digital content sales, risks and costs associated with ongoing efforts to rationalize the digital business and the digital business not being able to perform its obligations under the Samsung commercial agreement and the consequences thereof, the risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, the performance
of Barnes & Noble's initiatives including but not limited to its new store concept and e-commerce initiatives, unanticipated
adverse litigation results or effects, potential infringement
of Barnes & Noble's intellectual property by third parties or by Barnes & Noble
of the intellectual property
of third parties, and other factors, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2016, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter
from time to time with the SEC.
If the investments in your new Roth IRA lose value after the conversion, you'll have an
adverse tax
outcome, because the taxable distribution
from the conversion will still be based on the value
of the account on the conversion date.
«This fund is built on high - conviction ideas
from a wide range
of bond markets, so we anticipate being able to spread risk broadly to protect investors
from adverse outcomes while maximizing risk - adjusted returns,» says Brown.
In this instance, however, the overall weight
of the evidence
from the cumulative body
of information contained in this Public Health Review demonstrates that there are significant uncertainties about the kinds
of adverse health
outcomes that may be associated with HVHF, the likelihood
of the occurrence
of adverse health
outcomes, and the effectiveness
of some
of the mitigation measures in reducing or preventing environmental impacts which could adversely affect public health.
Recalling the concern reflected in the
outcome document
of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled «The future we want», 1 that the health
of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen - based compounds,
from numerous marine and land - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts
of such pollution on marine ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management
of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization
of significant
adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation
of the Global Programme
of Action for the Protection
of the Marine Environment
from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation
of the Global Programme
of Action for the Protection
of the Marine Environment
from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance
of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment
of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note
of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference
of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts
of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year
of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming
from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human health; 1.
By mid-century billions
of people will face the risk
of death
from adverse climate change
outcomes such as starvation, heat stress, resource wars, and disease if we don't restore the perennial ice.
Studies
of adverse childhood experiences confirm what many
of us know
from working with young people — children raised in
adverse environments are more likely to experience negative developmental
outcomes, including teen pregnancy.
This differs
from previous studies that use this cohort, where exposure in pregnancy had a significantly greater effect on other types
of adverse child
outcomes.23 28 These findings may indicate that the relationship between school attendance and maternal alcohol use disorders is not primarily driven by the neurobehavioural effects
of alcohol during pregnancy, but rather a complex family and social environment in which school attendance is not a priority or not well monitored.
These results are similar to those found in other sustained nurse home visiting studies, 1 14 although the intervention impacted on a broader range
of domains
of the home environment for this subgroup
of women than has been reported previously.1 An increasing body
of evidence
from both animal and human studies suggests that stress in pregnancy has significant impacts on developmental and behavioural
outcomes for children.29 While the mental development
of children
of mothers who were not distressed antenatally in both the intervention and comparison groups was comparable with the general population, children's development was particularly poor in the distressed subgroup in the absence
of the MECSH intervention, suggesting that sustained nurse home visiting may be particularly effective in ameliorating some
adverse developmental impacts for children
of mothers with antenatal distress.
Of note, this finding differs from the result of previously published results for other types of adverse outcomes that make use of this cohort and the hierarchical classification of timing of alcohol diagnosi
Of note, this finding differs
from the result
of previously published results for other types of adverse outcomes that make use of this cohort and the hierarchical classification of timing of alcohol diagnosi
of previously published results for other types
of adverse outcomes that make use of this cohort and the hierarchical classification of timing of alcohol diagnosi
of adverse outcomes that make use
of this cohort and the hierarchical classification of timing of alcohol diagnosi
of this cohort and the hierarchical classification
of timing of alcohol diagnosi
of timing
of alcohol diagnosi
of alcohol diagnosis.
In 2010, more than 1 in 5 children were reported to be living in poverty.6, 10 Economic disadvantage is among the most potent risks for behavioral and emotional problems due to increased exposure to environmental, familial, and psychosocial risks.11 — 13 In families in which parents are in military service, parental deployment and return has been determined to be a risk factor for behavioral and emotional problems in children.14 Data
from the 2003 National Survey
of Children's Health demonstrated a strong linear relationship between increasing number
of psychosocial risks and many poor health
outcomes, including social - emotional health.15 The
Adverse Childhood Experience Study surveyed 17000 adults about early traumatic and stressful experiences.
The overall objective is to assess the impact
of numerous
adverse childhood experiences on a variety
of health behaviors and
outcomes and health care use.23 The ACE Study was approved by the institutional review boards
of Kaiser Permanente, Emory University, and the Office
of Protection
from Research Risks, National Institutes
of Health.
Felitti and colleagues1 first described ACEs and defined it as exposure to psychological, physical or sexual abuse, and household dysfunction including substance abuse (problem drinking / alcoholic and / or street drugs), mental illness, a mother treated violently and criminal behaviour in the household.1 Along with the initial ACE study, other studies have characterised ACEs as neglect, parental separation, loss
of family members or friends, long - term financial adversity and witness to violence.2 3
From the original cohort
of 9508 American adults, more than half
of respondents (52 %) experienced at least one
adverse childhood event.1 Since the original cohort, ACE exposures have been investigated globally revealing comparable prevalence to the original cohort.4 5 More recently in 2014, a survey
of 4000 American children found that 60.8 %
of children had at least one form
of direct experience
of violence, crime or abuse.6 The ACE study precipitated interest in the health conditions
of adults maltreated as children as it revealed links to chronic diseases such as obesity, autoimmune diseases, heart, lung and liver diseases, and cancer in adulthood.1 Since then, further evidence has revealed relationships between ACEs and physical and mental health
outcomes, such as increased risk
of substance abuse, suicide and premature mortality.4 7
The role
of selection A common challenge in research in this area is that parents who are single or cohabiting may have attributes (both observed and unobserved) that differ
from those
of married parents and that also foster
adverse child and adolescent
outcomes.
In order to determine the effects
of institutional care per se, it would be important to study the
outcome of children admitted to group care
from less
adverse home circumstances.
In addition, they propose a unique solution, one more akin to the types
of strategies used by thoughtful clinicians — namely, children in need might be best identified not only through the presence
of early behavioural signs and symptoms but also through the convergence
of other indicators, such as well established risk factors for
adverse outcomes independent
from the behavioural indicators themselves (eg, single parent status, family poverty, neuropsychological functioning, etc).
Adverse outcomes are not merely by - products
of low - quality child care but stem also
from stress caused by separation, which suggests that parental leaves should be extended to one year, which is the increasing practice in European countries.
Main
Outcome Measures (1) Association
of 7
adverse exposures (3 categories
of child abuse [physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological maltreatment] and 4 categories
of household dysfunction [caregiver problem drinking, caregiver depression, caregiver treated violently, and criminal behavior in the household]-RRB- derived
from data collected when the child was 4 years old.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are among the most disadvantaged in Australian society, with Indigenous children significantly more vulnerable to a range
of adverse life
outcomes stemming
from this disadvantage.
We chose to use characteristics used for sample recruitment as indicators
of long - term stress (eg, coming
from a low - SES household) and having few personal resources (eg, being unmarried), 2 factors associated with a host
of adverse outcomes.
On social - emotional measures, foster children in the NSCAW study tended to have more compromised functioning than would be expected
from a high - risk sample.43 Moreover, as indicated in the previous section, research suggests that foster children are more likely than nonfoster care children to have insecure or disordered attachments, and the
adverse long - term
outcomes associated with such attachments.44 Many studies
of foster children postulate that a majority have mental health difficulties.45 They have higher rates
of depression, poorer social skills, lower adaptive functioning, and more externalizing behavioral problems, such as aggression and impulsivity.46 Additionally, research has documented high levels
of mental health service utilization among foster children47 due to both greater mental health needs and greater access to services.
Audience members will hear
from maternal and child health leaders in New Jersey on the Maternal Wraparound Program to promote maternal health, improve birth
outcomes for women, their infants and families and reduce the risks and
adverse consequences
of prenatal substance exposure.
Perceived social support refers to «an individual's perceptions
of general support or specific supportive behaviors (available or acted on)
from people in their social network, which enhances their functioning and / or may buffer them
from adverse outcomes» (Demaray & Malecki, 2002, pp. 306 - 307).
Tobacco use during pregnancy is associated with low birthweight and
adverse perinatal health
outcomes.2, 3 In children, exposure to second - hand smoke (SHS)
from tobacco contributes to lower respiratory tract illness, otitis media and chronic middle ear effusion, 4,5 and is associated with an increased risk
of childhood asthma.6, 7
Not only can symptoms be distressing, AUD can trigger a cascade
of lifelong
adverse outcomes, such as: other mental disorders, suicide, serious unintentional injury, illicit drug use, antisocial behaviour, as well as early onset
of heart disease, stroke and cancer.3 While the peak age for the onset for AUD is 18 — 24 years, the factors that predict the transition
from alcohol use to AUD symptom onset and
from symptom onset to diagnosable AUD remain largely unknown.