Sentences with phrase «of aerosol amount»

Intensive properties are independent of aerosol amount, depending only on the nature of the specific aerosol.

Not exact matches

The can is aerosol and has a decent amount of pressure, so be sure to move your hand while applying in light swipes.

The white pixels represent the aerosols (smoke) leftover from the fires, while the green, yellow, and red pixels represent rising amounts of tropospheric ozone (smog).

The researchers do know that the presence of certain aerosols plays a large role in the formation of ice that leads to precipitation, but they also need to tease out the importance of that with other factors, like the amount of available water vapor and vertical storm winds.

Climate change is likely to influence rainfall patterns in the Sierra Nevada as well as the amount of dust that makes its way into the atmosphere, so the hope is that a better understanding of how aerosols affect precipitation will help water managers in the future.

Cloud - to - ground lightning (CG) flash data from the National Lightning Detection Network matched against satellite - mapped aerosol plumes imply that thunderstorms forming in smoke - contaminated air masses generated large amounts of lightning with positive polarity (+ CGs).

On Buddhist religious holidays, he found that the ritual burning of incense, tree limbs, herbs and huge piles of leaves emitted about 80 percent of the city's aerosol pollution, including a large amount of carcinogens.

Experiments Prather and her team conducted in California's Sierra Nevada produced the first conclusive evidence that dust aerosols can change the amount of precipitation produced by clouds.

By using smaller grids — with spacing of just a few kilometers rather than several tens of kilometers as in conventional current models — they were able to show that they could more realistically model the amount of black carbon aerosols, mitigating the underestimation in more coarse - grained models.

Unfortunately, current simulation models, which combine global climate models with aerosol transport models, consistently underestimate the amount of these aerosols in the Arctic compared to actual measurements during the spring and winter seasons, making it difficult to accurately assess the impact of these substances on the climate.

In particular, human - induced aerosols like soot and combustion particulates actually work the opposite, reducing the amount of precipitation clouds can form.

According to the report, sulfate and other aerosols reflect sunlight and reduce the amount of solar energy hitting Earth's surface by as much as 15 %.

Soot particles, also known as black carbon aerosols, affect climate by absorbing sunlight, which warms the surrounding air and limits the amount of solar radiation that reaches the ground.

Researchers know that large amounts of aerosols can significantly cool the planet; the effect has been observed after large volcanic eruptions.

Thus, when the characteristics of a water mass were favourable for reproduction of microalgae, researchers noticed that after a certain amount of time, the aerosols detected above this same water mass contained more biological particles.

During these two significant events, «the amount of radiation that reached the surface was less than that which would done if these aerosols had not been there,» Mª Ángeles Obregón, researcher in the Physics department of the University of Extremadura (UEx) and the University of Évora (Portugal) and lead author of this study, explains.

During this event, the aerosols stayed close to the surface due to the presence of a anticyclone hovering over the study region at sea - level, «reducing the amount of shortwave irradiance reaching the surface and causing greater radiative cooling,» states Obregón, who likens the effects of desert dust with those resulting from certain forest fires or episodes of high pollution.

Jack added: «Dust is one of the most important aerosols for both the climate and the biology of an environment, and so understanding the amount of dust produced, and the distance and direction it travels is vital to allow us to understand its effect better.»

In the new work, published in Geophysical Research Letters late last month, researchers modified an established climate model to gauge the effects of varying aerosol amount and size.

In relatively clean environments, clouds can only grow as large as the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere allows: They will be the limiting factor in cloud formation.

«So as aerosols cut down sunlight by large amounts,» Ramanathan explains, «they may be spinning down the hydrological cycle of the planet.»

Scientists have long known of the cooling effect of major volcanic eruptions, which spew large amounts of light - scattering aerosols into the stratosphere.

Aerosols that high in the sky «can change the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface and affect rainfall through cloud formation,» she says.

By measuring the amount of laser light reflected back to Earth, the researchers could estimate the concentrations of aerosols at various altitudes.

Last year the team reported in the Journal of Geophysical Research that the amount of aerosols in ATAL had tripled since 1996, the earliest time when they appeared in satellite observations.

While a large amount of aerosols that exist in the Earth's atmosphere are naturally occurring — created by processes such as mechanical suspension by wind or sea spray — much is produced as a result of industrialization.

But we are now learning the amount of lightning generated may be influenced by factors that go beyond natural meteorology, including aerosols.

«By reducing the amount of coal, we reduce the cooling effect of the aerosols.»

The amount of warming caused by CO2 might have been masked over the years by accompanying aerosol emissions.

«Huge amounts of aerosols from Asia go as high as six miles up in the atmosphere and these have an unmistakable impact on cloud formations and weather.»

The observed amount of warming thus far has been less than this, because part of the excess energy is stored in the oceans (amounting to ~ 0.5 °C), and the remainder (~ 1.3 °C) has been masked by the cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosols.

This mission is fulfilled by operating atmospheric observatories around the world that collect massive amounts of atmospheric measurements to provide data products that help scientists study the effects and interactions of clouds and aerosols and their impact on the earth's energy balance.

Scientists had attributed much of the dimming and brightening to changes in the amounts of tiny particles, or aerosols, in the atmosphere.

The net effect of human - generated aerosols is more complicated and regionally variable — for example, in contrast to the local warming effect of the Asian Brown Cloud, global shipping produces large amounts of cooling reflective sulphate aerosols: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/08/990820022710.htm

Human aerosol emissions are also offsetting a significant amount of the warming by causing global dimming.

Previous research (pdf) shows that aerosols influence cloud formation in the rainforest and, therefore, the amount of regional rainfall.

A team of scientists led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory atmospheric researcher Dr. Susannah Burrows and collaborator Daniel McCoy, who studies clouds and climate at the University of Washington, reveal how tiny natural particles given off by marine organisms — airborne droplets and solid particles called aerosols — nearly double cloud droplet numbers in the summer, which boosts the amount of sunlight reflected back to space.

The simulations confirm that aerosol injection does brighten clouds, but the amount of solar radiation reflected may not be enough to balance the global warming caused by burning fossil fuels.

Researchers from the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and colleagues analyzed the dust concentrations in aerosol samples from two locations, French Guiana's capital city Cayenne and the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, to understand the amount, source regions, and seasonal patterns of airborne dust that travels across the North Atlantic Ocean.

Reduction of the amount of atmospheric CH4 and related gases is needed to counterbalance expected forcing from increasing N2O and decreasing sulfate aerosols.

The can is aerosol and has a decent amount of pressure, so be sure to move your hand while applying in light swipes.

«It is important to note that coolants and disinfectant aerosol sprays contain minimal amounts of actual lubricant,» Laube says.

In this case, large amounts of sulphate aerosols (small particles) are injected into the stratosphere by large explosive eruptions (the most recent one being Mt. Pinatubo in 1991).

Surely the relative amounts of aerosols and greenhouse gas emissions is of the utmost importance when evaluating the total forcing.

With a small amount of LW penetrating into the first three meters and a normal mid-ocean Wind and Wave complex most of the radiant energy is also returned to the atmosphere if not as direct heat then in the form of warm salt aerosols?

There is a significant amount of aerosol formation taking place with no ionization («background levels»), and when the sample air in the experiment was replaced, this caused a large jump (seen as a shift along the vertical axis) in the formation rate (the different colours in the figure above).

Acccording to RC, the uncertainty in the amount of aerosol cooling makes the twentieth century warming (the blade) a rather dodgy way of estimating the clim.

Additionally there is a huge amount of uncertainty in aerosol - cloud effects (the «aerosol indirect effect»).

The use of scrubbers (yes China and India installed scrubbers although not used consistently) to remove SO2 along with the shift to natural gas means the amount of aerosols has not kept up with CO2 forcing.

These uncertainties are reflected in the model simulations of aerosol concentrations which all show similar total amounts, but have very different partitions among the different types.