Sentences with phrase «of aerosol emissions»

Hienola, A., Partanen, A. - I., Pietikäinen, J. - P., O'Donnell, Korhonen, H., Matthews, H. D., and Laaksonen, A.: The impact of aerosol emissions on the 1.5 °C pathways, Environ.

Post 1970 was when we cleaned up much of those aerosol emissions which unmasked the underlying CO2 forcing.

Hienola, A., Partanen, A. - I., Pietikäinen, J. - P., O'Donnel, D., Korhonen, H., Matthews, D., and Laaksonen, A.: The impact of aerosol emissions on the 1.5 °C pathways, Environ.

This reveals an ignorance of the literature, otherwise you'd know that the extent of aerosol cooling is estimated from the measured aerosol optical depth due to volcanic eruptions and their consequent impact on global temperature, and estimates of aerosol emissions during the 20th century.

Levels of aerosol emissions have soared since the 1950s, with the most common sources being power stations and cars.

So the most visible part of the aerosol emissions may not be the most climatically relevant.

Hienola, A., Partanen, A. - I., Pietikäinen, J. - P., O'Donnel, D., Korhonen, H., Matthews, D., and Laaksonen, A.: The impact of aerosol emissions on the 1.5 °C pathways, Environ.

There are many sources of aerosol emission.

Not exact matches

China «could cause some decreases [in stratospheric aerosols] if that is the source,» Neely says, adding that growing SO2 emissions from India could also increase cooling if humans are the dominant cause of injecting aerosols into the atmosphere.

The results imply that the interaction between organic and sulfuric acids promotes efficient formation of organic and sulfate aerosols in the polluted atmosphere because of emissions from burning of fossil fuels, which strongly affect human health and global climate.

This critical question is addressed using simulations from climate models based on projections of future emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols.

Overall, the new measures would lower global anthropogenic emissions of methane by 50 % and of black carbon aerosols, also known as soot, by 80 %.

Most projections say tighter regulations, cleaner sources of electricity and higher - mileage vehicles will cut industrial emissions enough by the end of this century that farm emissions will be starved of the other ingredients necessary to create aerosols, she said.

The scientists expect further warming in the Arctic as levels of greenhouse gases will continue to increase and aerosol particle emissions will likely decrease to combat air pollution in different parts of the world.

«Current emission inventories do not account for cultural burning practices in Asia as aerosol sources,» said Chakrabarty, who is originally from the Northeastern region of India.

Many suspect crops in industrialized Western countries have been getting more light since the 1980s thanks to clean air regulations that brought down emissions of aerosols, which scatter and absorb solar radiation.

Indeed, the reduction in the emission of precursors to polluting particles (sulphur dioxide) would diminish the concealing effects of Chinese aerosols, and would speed up warming, unless this effect were to be compensated elsewhere, for instance by significantly reducing long - life greenhouse gas emissions and «black carbon.»

A few of the main points of the third assessment report issued in 2001 include: An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world and other changes in the climate system; emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the climate; confidence in the ability of models to project future climate has increased; and there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.

The report is based on the JRC's Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), which is not only unique in its space and time coverage, but also in its completeness and consistency of the emissions compilations for multiple pollutants: the greenhouse gases (GHG), air pollutants and Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), which is not only unique in its space and time coverage, but also in its completeness and consistency of the emissions compilations for multiple pollutants: the greenhouse gases (GHG), air pollutants and emissions compilations for multiple pollutants: the greenhouse gases (GHG), air pollutants and aerosols.

Simulating natural and humanmade climate drivers, scientists showed that the decline in rainfall is primarily a response to humanmade increases in greenhouse gases as well as a thinning of the ozone caused by humanmade aerosol emissions.

The study also showed that the effect was much larger on a regional scale, counteracting possibly up to 30 % of warming in more rural, forested areas where anthropogenic emissions of aerosols were much lower in comparison to the natural aerosols.

Non-polar glacial ice holds a wealth of information about past changes in climate, the environment and especially atmospheric composition, such as variations in temperature, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and emissions of natural aerosols or human - made pollutants... The glaciers therefore hold the memory of former climates and help to predict future environmental changes.

Beyond reducing the volume of acidic particles in aerosols, cutting the sulfur emissions has also reduced the deposition of acids in lakes and waterways, noted Armistead «Ted» Russell, a Regent's Professor in Georgia Tech's School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and another of the paper's co-authors.

(Ironically, trimming the emissions of planet - warming soot often simultaneously results in a lower output of light - colored, planet - cooling aerosols, Smith notes.)

Researchers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, are using already available satellite measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a main components of volcanic emissions, along with the more recent ability to map the location and vertical profiles of volcanic aerosols.

The results show for the first time for a number of natural compounds, which together account for around 70 per cent of the biological hydrocarbon emissions, how much each compound produces low - volatility products and how they can possibly affect the climate via producing aerosol particles.

Scientists have already linked aerosol emissions to increases in lightning over areas of the Amazon prone to forest fires (pdf) as well as regions of China with thick air pollution.

«The backward - enhanced plasma emission spectrum from water droplets or biological agents,» they write, «could be attractive for remotely determining the composition of atmospheric aerosol.»

Earlier models had assumed that only 1 to 2 per cent of the iron contained in aerosols, including shipping emissions, is soluble in seawater, so the remaining 98 to 99 percent would sink to the bottom without affecting ocean life.

But the health effects of many aerosols in smog are so great that even in the poor world, they are already cutting emissions.»

The amount of warming caused by CO2 might have been masked over the years by accompanying aerosol emissions.

The warming commitment if we stop all human emissions (GHG and aerosol) is probably very substantial: The cooling effect of the aerosol will very quickly disappear, thereby «unmasking» the greenhouse warming, approximately half of which has been canceled by aerosol cooling up to now.

IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide emissions.

Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, consisting of (in rough order of abundance): sea salt, mineral dust, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate (which has natural as well as anthropogenic sources from e.g. coal burning), and carbonaceous aerosol such as soot, plant emissions, and incompletely combusted fossil fuel.

Or maybe can the chance distribution of the aerosol forcing (main emissions moved from US / Europe to Asia f.e.) used to reduce the uncertainty of the size of the aerosol forcing or the factor E?

The obvious error is that they thought it was news that aerosol emissions have partially cancelled out some of the warming one would expect with greenhouse gas emissions.

Human aerosol emissions are also offsetting a significant amount of the warming by causing global dimming.

Global climate models are essential tools for understanding climate change and for developing policy regarding future emissions of greenhouse gases, primary aerosol particles, and aerosol precursor gases.

For sulphate aerosols, current models probably overestimate their influence, as there is no measurable effect of the large (over 60 %) reduction in SO2 emissions in Europe at the places where the largest influence should be visible, according to the models.

Compared to the past decades, the pattern (more emissions in South Asia) and the relative forcings are completely different, with much less relative influence of aerosols than today (due to faster increasing CO2 levels).

Titled «Initiation of Snowball Earth with volcanic sulfur aerosol emissions,» the study posits a hypothesis by two researchers from Harvard University's John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS).

The exchange of gases and the emission of sea - spray aerosols — two functions that are crucial for climate — take place in this boundary film.

Analyses of the ground and aircraft data performed by Setyan et al. (2012), Shilling et al. (2013), and Kleinman et al. (2016) showed that organic aerosol production increased when human - caused emissions from Sacramento mixed with air rich in isoprene, an organic compound wafting from many plants that originate in the area's foothills.

Since climate scientists certainly don't have a crystal ball, we generally take a range of scenarios or projections of future emissions of CO2 and other important forcings such as methane and aerosols.

«Our findings,» write the authors, «suggest that anthropogenic aerosol emissions influenced a range of societally important historical climate events such as peaks in hurricane activity and Sahel drought.»

Partanen, A. - I., Landry, J. - S., and Matthews, H. D.: Climate and health implications of future aerosol emission scenarios, Environ.

The organic aerosol particles that coat the toxic hitchhikers are wafted into the atmosphere through emissions from trees (like those that produce the smell of pine trees), and burning biomass and fossil fuel to form a semi-solid sap - like casing surrounding and protecting the particle's payload from breaking down in the atmosphere.

Global sulphur emissions (and thus sulphate aerosol forcing) appear to have decreased after 1980 (Stern, 2005), further rendering the temporal evolution of aerosols and greenhouse gases distinct.

Historical (1850 - 2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: Methodology and application.

These changes might influence interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere such as the air - sea gas exchange and the emission of sea - spray aerosols that can scatter solar radiation or contribute to the formation of clouds.