Sentences with phrase «of aerosol mass»

The lagest sources of aerosol mass are from sea salt and mineral dust.

Mike Alexander, Alex Laskin, Yuri Desyaterik, and John Ortega, who work at DOE's Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at PNNL and Xiao - ying Yu of PNNL's Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division, collected an extensive set of measurements of aerosol mass, size distribution, composition, and particle morphology using an array of in - situ techniques and aerosol sampling approaches.

Not exact matches

Then, in 1949, Robert Abplanalp, a 27 - year - old machine - shop operator from the Bronx, gladdened the hearts of whipped - cream lovers everywhere by inventing a cheap, reliable aerosol - can valve that could be mass - produced.

Cloud - to - ground lightning (CG) flash data from the National Lightning Detection Network matched against satellite - mapped aerosol plumes imply that thunderstorms forming in smoke - contaminated air masses generated large amounts of lightning with positive polarity (+ CGs).

Soot is a strong, light - absorbing aerosol that caused global climate changes that triggered the mass extinction of dinosaurs, ammonites, and other animals, and led to the macroevolution of mammals and the appearance of humans.

The findings provide evidence that a 3 - kilometer - deep blanket of pollution — a mass of ash, acids, aerosols, and other particles — is disrupting weather systems in western Asia.

Thus, when the characteristics of a water mass were favourable for reproduction of microalgae, researchers noticed that after a certain amount of time, the aerosols detected above this same water mass contained more biological particles.

The resulting mass concentration of secondary organic aerosols was roughly between five and 100 μg / m3.

The new findings help to explain a significant part of the organic mass of aerosol particles in the air, which had remained mysterious to the scientists so far.

«The results suggest that about 10 percent of the reacting VOC mass is converted tosecondary organic aerosol over the tree tops.

Additional aerosol mass composed of organosulfate and organonitrate chemicals can then form via nitrogen oxide - initiated oxidation of VOCs from natural vegetation (e.g., isoprene) in the presence of highly acidic ultrafine particles.

While a relatively minor part of the overall aerosol mass, changes in the anthropogenic portion of aerosols since 1750 have resulted in a globally averaged net radiative forcing of roughly -1.2 W / m2, in comparison to the overall average CO2 forcing of +1.66 W / m2.

Therefore, considering the large contribution of these particles to the aerosol mass concentration in the atmosphere and the importance of the INPs, we study the ability of these particles as INPs by immersion freezing mode.

Therefore several trials previous published have as an exclusion criterion atelectasis, pleural effusion and tumor mass more than 5 cm of diameter.8 The rest of the criteria remain the same as in the case of intravenous infusion, renal function, blood values and performance status have to be appropriate according to the NCCN guidelines.38 Moreover; the administered drug has to be safe in order to be provided as aerosol, several chemotherapy agents have been reported to be toxic for the lung parenchyma.

Therefore the dosage of administration has to change at it has been previously observed with other treatment modalities such as; inhaled insulin.35, 37 A major obstacle regarding the distribution of aerosol within the airways is atelectasis, tumor mass or pleural effusion.

Because much of Earth's land mass is covered by plants, there is a large source of these biogenic aerosol particles that need to be accounted for in climate change prediction.

This research is the first to connect a commercial CCN, with a CVI and mass spectrometers to study the chemistry of aerosol particles that activate to cloud droplets.

Has realclimate ever done (or considered doing) an entry about the immense contribution that satellite measurements have made in the past two - three decades, in helping us to understand various components of the earth system (e.g., vegetation, ozone, ice sheet mass, water vapor content, temperature, sea level height, storms, aerosols, etc.)?

[Of course, this experiment is faulty b / c the thermal mass of the water is acting like a hot water bottle...] Conceptually, however, you can show your students the diffusion effect associated with CO2 and H2O, that the heat will eventually work its way out of the water into its surroundings [like heat trapped in a hot rock], and that climate science is a complex endeavor because the CO2 signal is not the sole factor out there [although one of the only man - made ones — others: water, aerosols, sun, et aOf course, this experiment is faulty b / c the thermal mass of the water is acting like a hot water bottle...] Conceptually, however, you can show your students the diffusion effect associated with CO2 and H2O, that the heat will eventually work its way out of the water into its surroundings [like heat trapped in a hot rock], and that climate science is a complex endeavor because the CO2 signal is not the sole factor out there [although one of the only man - made ones — others: water, aerosols, sun, et aof the water is acting like a hot water bottle...] Conceptually, however, you can show your students the diffusion effect associated with CO2 and H2O, that the heat will eventually work its way out of the water into its surroundings [like heat trapped in a hot rock], and that climate science is a complex endeavor because the CO2 signal is not the sole factor out there [although one of the only man - made ones — others: water, aerosols, sun, et aof the water into its surroundings [like heat trapped in a hot rock], and that climate science is a complex endeavor because the CO2 signal is not the sole factor out there [although one of the only man - made ones — others: water, aerosols, sun, et aof the only man - made ones — others: water, aerosols, sun, et al]

The effect of both CO2 and aerosols by mass in the atmosphere are not linear and do not follow each other in lock step, hence to claim that aerosols would have a cancelling effect no matter what the rate of fossil fuel combustion would be a false assumption.

The Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) measures the soot (black carbon) mass of individual aerosol particles by laser - induced incandescence down to concentrations as low as ng / m ^ 3.

Ambient submicron particle measurements were made with a high - resolution time - of - flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) at the north campus of the University of California Irvine, which is located in the SoCAB approximately 5 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean.

DMS is the primary source in the sulfate mass budget over the remote ocean west of 80 ° W. • The first aerosol indirect effect has been observationally quantified over the SEP, with cloud thinning of the more polluted coastal clouds mitigating the overall radiative impact.

Svensmark et al., 2017 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02082-2 «In conclusion, a mechanism by which ions condense their mass onto small aerosols and thereby increase the growth rate of the aerosols, has been formulated theoretically and shown to be in good agreement with extensive experiments.

On the other hand, theory shows that sulfuric acid / water aerosols are not stable by themselves requiring amines to stabilize and measurements with an atmospheric pressure inlet time of flight mass spectrometer showed that the intermediate aerosols did incorporate amines.

At least three of the five major mass extinctions of complex life on Earth were probably due to aerosols.

Effects from variability in mean size, spectral width, and mass loading of aerosols are represented via their influences on surface area.

The experiments showed that the mass and composition of organic aerosols are significantly influenced by OH radicals.

Additional output from the ACCMIP runs will include concentration / mass of radiatively active species, aerosol optical properties, and radiative forcings (clear and all sky) as well as important parameters that do not directly influence climate such as hydroxyl, chemical reaction rates, deposition rates, emission rates, surface pollutants and diagnostics of tracer transport.

So far, the initial effect is still relatively small for two reasons: (i) part of that effect has been canceled temporarily by increases in sulfate aerosol, and (ii) the warming has been delayed because it takes a long time for the vast mass of the ocean to heat up.

The range of uncertainty in the radiative forcings can be isolated from the uncertainties in the simulated sulphate loadings by considering the range in the normalised radiative forcing i.e., the radiative forcing per unit mass of sulphate aerosol (e.g., Nemesure et al., 1995; Pilinis et al., 1995).

We simply keep producing massive amounts of aerosols, and sure enough, at the end of the day it's a question of mass balance.

The mass of a freshly nucleated aerosol particle is more than 100,000 times smaller than that of an «aged» aerosol of a size optimal to affect climate.

The increase in oxidant levels and preexisting aerosol mass since preindustrial times is the reason of the burden change, since emissions have not changed significantly.

The Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor is a thermal vaporization, electron impact, ionization mass spectrometer that measures bulk chemical composition of the rapidly evaporating component of sub-micron aerosol particles in reaAerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor is a thermal vaporization, electron impact, ionization mass spectrometer that measures bulk chemical composition of the rapidly evaporating component of sub-micron aerosol particles in reaaerosol particles in real time.

The detailed chemical composition of exhaust particles was determined by using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP - AMS).