Sentences with phrase «of aerosol particles»

He performed pioneering research on the effects of aerosol particles on climate.

The log normal distribution represents a counting of the number concentrations of aerosol particles of various sizes.

The new findings help to explain a significant part of the organic mass of aerosol particles in the air, which had remained mysterious to the scientists so far.

In most other cases the number of aerosol particles produced is under - predicted.

CLOUD has also investigated how the 11 - year solar cycle influences the formation of aerosol particles in our present - day atmosphere.

The shorter the time span of the data record, the more difficult it is to separate systematic changes due to human activities such as greenhouse gas emissions and the production of aerosol particles from natural variations.

These results imply that the chlorine activation efficiency of the aerosol particles increases rapidly as the temperature approaches the ice frost point regardless of the phase or composition of the particles.

Researchers have now used the results for the first time to calculate the production of aerosol particles in all the Earth's regions and at different heights.

Over land, the small size of these aerosol particles tends to suppress rainfall because the water droplets that condense on them are light enough to remain aloft.

The new study shows that climate sensitivity to historical changes in the abundance of aerosol particles in the atmosphere is larger than the sensitivity to CO2, primarily because the aerosols are largely located near industrialized areas in the Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes where they trigger more rapid land responses and strong snow & ice feedbacks.

Ice nuclei, a type of aerosol particle in the atmosphere, form the ice crystals in mixed - phase clouds.

[1][2](click for more detail) * green: black and organic carbon * red / orange: dust * white: sulfates * blue: sea salt Movie map of distribution of aerosol particles, based on data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite.

Formation mechanism of aerosol particles still a big uncertainty in predicting climate change

Formation mechanism of aerosol particles still a big uncertainty in predicting climate change

He continues: «The overall effect of aerosol particles of human origin on climate has been a cooling one during the last century, which has partially masked the warming caused by the increase in greenhouse gas emissions.»

Greater increases in the amount of aerosol particles create an atmospheric cooling effect.

Last year, Glory, a satellite belonging to US space agency NASA that would have measured the effect of aerosol particles on the climate, was lost at launch: the latest in a string of failures.

«The major challenge of this method is accurately determining the size of the core and shell of the aerosol particles.

Another massive undertaking, the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX), meanwhile, was specifically designed to see if climate forcing on the part of aerosol particles could be directly measured.

Sophisticated microscopic instruments were used to look for iron - containing nanoscale particles — specifically locating them from thousands of aerosol particles.

For example, we have built unique probes for real - time NMR studies of catalysts under operating conditions, single - particle laser ablation mass spectrometers for analysis of aerosol particles, and the nanospray desorption electrospray ionization instrument for highly sensitive analysis of minute samples.

Their results show that previous models severely underestimate the presence of these aerosol particles.

The CLOUD experiment consists of a large instrumented chamber in which the atmosphere can be precisely simulated, and the formation and growth of aerosol particles and the clouds they seed can be studied under precisely controled atmospheric conditions.

This research is the first to connect a commercial CCN, with a CVI and mass spectrometers to study the chemistry of aerosol particles that activate to cloud droplets.

It is shown that such photopolarimetric data are highly sensitive to the size distribution and refractive index of aerosol particles, which reduces the nonuniqueness in aerosol retrievals using such data as compared with less comprehensive datasets.

The index of refraction and an average size of the aerosol particles formed are close to those characteristic of the natural stratospheric aerosol.

First up is a collection of papers that describe the results of a several experiments looking into cloud formation — or rather, into the availability and development of the aerosol particles that aid in cloud formation.

The sheer variety of aerosol particle types and the fact that they stay in the atmosphere for just days to weeks, compared to years spent by greenhouse gases, means they are among the most challenging to understand and incorporate into climate models, said Redemann, which is why the data collected from the P - 3 aircraft measurements of aerosols and clouds are so important.

The cloud condensation nuclei counter measures the concentration of aerosol particles by drawing an air sample through a column with thermodynamically unstable supersaturated water vapor that can condense onto aerosol particles.

«Elemental Mixing State of Aerosol Particles Collected in Central Amazonia during GoAmazon2014 / 15.»

PNNL is also an international leader in laboratory studies of atmospheric processes, with internationally recognized scientists using one - of - a-kind instruments to probe the fundamental properties of aerosol particles and other components of the atmosphere.

Physical and chemical characteristics of aerosol particles and cloud - droplet activation during the Second Pallas Cloud Experiment (Second PaCE).

She went on to do a chemistry Ph.D. at the Copenhagen Center for Atmospheric Research, where her adviser gave her free reign to pick her own project — as long as it used a shiny new piece of equipment that measures the efficiency of aerosol particles to seed cloud droplets.

The new study shows that climate sensitivity to historical changes in the abundance of aerosol particles in the atmosphere is larger than the sensitivity to CO2, primarily because the aerosols are largely located near industrialized areas in the Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes where they trigger more rapid land responses and strong snow & ice feedbacks.

Lidar can also be used to measure wind speed and to provide information about vertical distribution of the aerosol particles.

It is found that with a number concentration of aerosol particles of ∼ 102 — 103 cm − 3 (which corresponds to the aerosol density in the deposited layer of about 1 — 10 mg / m2 with the layer thickness along the ray path of about 100 m) the solar radiation attenuation with artificial aerosol layers accounts for 1 to 10 %.