Sentences with phrase «of aerosol particles from»

Less understood — and more difficult to measure — is the influence of aerosol particles from human sources, particularly the use of coal and other fossil fuels.

Not exact matches

This year, Summit's list of long - term visitors includes Brandon Strellis, an environmental engineering graduate student from the Georgia Institute of Technology studying how aerosols influence how much energy is reflected and absorbed by Greenland's ice — and where those particles are coming from.

Another source of uncertainty comes from the direct effect of aerosols from human origins: How much do they reflect and absorb sunlight directly as particles?

For the study, Dr. Toohey and his colleagues from GEOMAR and the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg have used an aerosol - climate model to track 70 different eruption scenarios while analyzing the distribution of the sulfur particles.

It then combines with pollutants from combustion — mainly nitrogen oxides and sulfates from vehicles, power plants and industrial processes — to create tiny solid particles, or aerosols, no more than 2.5 micrometers across, about 1/30 the width of a human hair.

The research focuses on the power of minute airborne particles known as aerosols, which can come from urban and industrial air pollution, wildfires and other sources.

These particles pose health risks to populations, especially to the medically vulnerable, By infusing CATS data directly into aerosol models, data from CATS can make a difference in tracking and responding to impacts of similar events in the future.

By engineering breaking waves of natural ocean water under purified air in the lab, they were able to isolate and analyze aerosols from the spray and determine how life within the water altered the chemistry of the particles.

The step from moisture to clouds involves cooling, seed particles (including pollutant aerosols) and global wind patterns that blow the moisture from its place of origin to its place of condensation.

That's because scientists have presumed that most of the aerosols from minor eruptions do not rise beyond the troposphere, the layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather occurs and where natural processes quickly clear particles from the atmosphere.

Now an international team of researchers led by the lung researcher Marianne Geiser from the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Bern and the aerosol researcher Josef Dommen from the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI has shown that secondary particles from gasoline combustion in Euro 5 engines directly damage lung tissue as well as weaken its defense functions.

Sophisticated microscopic instruments were used to look for iron - containing nanoscale particles — specifically locating them from thousands of aerosol particles.

IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide emissions.

Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, consisting of (in rough order of abundance): sea salt, mineral dust, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate (which has natural as well as anthropogenic sources from e.g. coal burning), and carbonaceous aerosol such as soot, plant emissions, and incompletely combusted fossil fuel.

«From agglomerates of spheres to irregularly shaped particles: Determination of dynamic shape factors from measurements of mobility and vacuum aerodynamic diameters,» Aerosol Science and Technology 40 (3): 197 - From agglomerates of spheres to irregularly shaped particles: Determination of dynamic shape factors from measurements of mobility and vacuum aerodynamic diameters,» Aerosol Science and Technology 40 (3): 197 - from measurements of mobility and vacuum aerodynamic diameters,» Aerosol Science and Technology 40 (3): 197 - 217.

Additional aerosol mass composed of organosulfate and organonitrate chemicals can then form via nitrogen oxide - initiated oxidation of VOCs from natural vegetation (e.g., isoprene) in the presence of highly acidic ultrafine particles.

Unfortunately, the exact mechanisms of interactions between clouds and tiny aerosol particles from pollution, dust, and soot remained largely a mystery.

Incoming energy, which comes primarily from the sun, is turned into various forms of absorbed energy, depending on terrain and atmospheric conditions such as clouds and aerosol particles.

A large portion of secondary organic aerosols - tiny particles in the air we breathe that contribute to cloud formation and precipitation - arise from a combination of man - made pollution and molecules given off by plant matter.

Secondary organic aerosols, or SOAs, are created when hydrocarbon gases, given off by everything from pine trees to snow blowers, undergo a series of chemical reactions in the atmosphere to produce particles.

The organic aerosol particles that coat the toxic hitchhikers are wafted into the atmosphere through emissions from trees (like those that produce the smell of pine trees), and burning biomass and fossil fuel to form a semi-solid sap - like casing surrounding and protecting the particle's payload from breaking down in the atmosphere.

In the middle of the last century, for example, soot and other particles spewing from factory smokestacks, collectively known as aerosols — cooled the planet for a couple of decades.

A paper discussing the difficulty of getting from nm sized nucleation mode to a size that can generate cloud particles is: Erupe, M. E., et al. (2010), Correlation of aerosol nucleation rate with sulfuric acid and ammonia in Kent, Ohio: An atmospheric observation, J. Geophys.

Scientists found that emissions of tiny air particles from human - made sources — known as anthropogenic aerosols — were the cause.

The parameterization of the interactions are at all levels; from estimation of the geometric characterization of the aerosols, to the numbers of particles, to connections with several important aspects of clouds, and finally to the interactions with radiative energy transport.

Ambient submicron particle measurements were made with a high - resolution time - of - flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) at the north campus of the University of California Irvine, which is located in the SoCAB approximately 5 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean.

It then combines with pollutants from combustion — mainly nitrogen oxides and sulfates from vehicles, power plants and industrial processes — to create tiny solid particles, or aerosols, no more than 2.5 micrometers across, about 1/30 the width of a human hair.

In response, the IPCC added a cooling factor to its models of the atmosphere, consisting of tiny aerosol particles produced by the emission of sulfur dioxide from electric power plants.

Several proposals call for injecting microscopic particles, called aerosols, into the stratosphere, the quiet region of the atmosphere above the troposphere about 18 kilometers up from the equator.

Real Climate defines «aerosols» as ``... solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, consisting of (in rough order of abundance): sea salt, mineral dust, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate (which has natural as well as anthropogenic sources from e.g. coal burning), and carbonaceous aerosol such as soot, plant emissions, and incompletely combusted fossil fuel.»

One positive effect of burning coal is the formation of sulfate aerosol particles which help in reflecting incoming sunlight away from the earth.

Later, the enhancement of atmospheric aerosol particle formation by ions generated from cosmic rays was proposed as a physical mechanism explaining this correlation.

In principle, at least, the recent results from the CLOUD project at CERN provide information about the role of ionizing particles in «sensitizing» atmospheric aerosols which might, later, give rise to cloud droplets.

That's because the tiny ash particles and aerosols that were blown into the stratosphere spread around the planet, blocking some of the Sun's rays from ever reaching Earth.

Fan's most recent paper appeared in Science and investigated the influence of ultrafine aerosol particles from urban areas on severe storms.

In the article «Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements,» sciencemag.org, 49 authors concluded «Atmospheric aerosol nucleation has been studied for over 20 years, but the difficulty of performing laboratory nucleation - rate measurements close to atmospheric conditions means that global model simulations have not been directly based on experimental data.....

In the United States, new research from the City College of New York on the effects of particle pollution on weather patterns around Manhattan has shown that aerosols can either increase or decrease local rainfall, sometimes creating situations where one area will be deluged while a neighboring town will remain dry.

The study, which appeared in a recent issue of Geophysical Research Letters, used 16 years of monthly mean observations from satellites, ground stations, and computer models to look at the relationship between dust particles in the air, called mineral aerosols, and cloud properties.

Mishchenko, M.I., I.V. Geogdzhayev, L. Liu, J.A. Ogren, A.A. Lacis, W.B. Rossow, J.W. Hovenier, H. Volten, and O. Muñoz, 2003: Aerosol retrievals from AVHRR radiances: Effects of particle nonsphericity and absorption and an updated long - term global climatology of aerosol propAerosol retrievals from AVHRR radiances: Effects of particle nonsphericity and absorption and an updated long - term global climatology of aerosol propaerosol properties.

Dlugach, Z.M., and M.I. Mishchenko, 2005: The effect of aerosol shape in retrieving optical properties of cloud particles in the planetary atmospheres from the photopolarimetric data Jupiter.

Warming from decade to decade can also be affected by human factors such as variations in the emissions, from coal - fired power plants and other pollution sources, of greenhouse gases and of aerosols (airborne particles that can have both warming and cooling effects).

In addition to the data from the radiometers, the Berkeley Lab scientists will get supplemental data by taking advantage of a separate, in - depth DOE climate study at the same location, which is using additional instruments and a balloon - borne sounding system to get information on temperature, cloud cover, the density and types of aerosols or pollution particles, heat fluxes and other climate variables like precipitation.

A shortcoming, from the modern point of view, is that Broecker did not include other anthropogenic greenhouse gases or aerosol particles in his calculations.

For atmospheric aerosol, this shape factor is usually not strongly different from one; its effect is usually assumed negligible compared to the effect of particle size, which covers several orders of magnitude.

Poking around with Scholar, I found mention of «hydrophobic soot particles from residential coal and industrial oil burning» and also mention of radar being used that distinguishes aerosols from water vapor and clouds.

This work eventually led to investigation of how planetary cooling might be caused by the aerosol particles arising from large - scale fires generated by a nuclear war.

Organic aerosols are emitted as primary aerosol particles or formed as secondary aerosol particles from condensation of organic gases considered semi-volatile or having low volatility.