Sentences with phrase «of aerosol process»

The AMT, for example, is designed to evaluate the performance of aerosol process modules that calculate specific climate - relevant atmospheric processes.

As a package, it evaluates the performance of aerosol process modules across a wide range of field measurements.

Mission The mission of PNNL's Aerosol Climate Initiative is to advance the current scientific understanding and parameterization of aerosol processes and properties to improve comprehensive climate modeling frameworks and to inform policy decisions related to global climate change and the environmental impacts of aerosols.

Not exact matches

It then combines with pollutants from combustion — mainly nitrogen oxides and sulfates from vehicles, power plants and industrial processes — to create tiny solid particles, or aerosols, no more than 2.5 micrometers across, about 1/30 the width of a human hair.

The team started by looking at the formation of the very small particles — a process called aerosol nucleation — by mimicking atmospheric conditions inside an ultraclean steel «cloud chamber», which Kirkby says is the cleanest ever created.

Such sulfuric acid aerosols are already responsible for the bulk of nacreous clouds that form in the polar stratosphere; added particles would just amp up the natural process (although it might also amp up damage the ozone layer).

Researchers sought to learn more about the impact of a process in which volcanoes give off aerosol particles that reflect sunlight, cooling the atmosphere and leading to reduced rainfall.

Reactions in and on sea - salt aerosol particles may have a strong influence on oxidation processes in the marine boundary layer through the production of halogen radicals, and reactions on mineral aerosols may significantly affect the cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and atmospheric oxidants.

That's because scientists have presumed that most of the aerosols from minor eruptions do not rise beyond the troposphere, the layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather occurs and where natural processes quickly clear particles from the atmosphere.

Processes for which global - level boundaries can not yet be quantified are represented by gray wedges; these are atmospheric aerosol loading, novel entities, and the functional role of biosphere integrity.

While a large amount of aerosols that exist in the Earth's atmosphere are naturally occurring — created by processes such as mechanical suspension by wind or sea spray — much is produced as a result of industrialization.

A 2013 computer simulation of this process found increased aerosols alone did result in more lightning due to ice crystal collisions, although at very large aerosol volumes the effect was muted.

This should be taken with a grain of salt, given that our understanding of the small scale processes such as clouds and aerosols as feedbacks are fairly poor.

Scientists use data from the SGP to learn about cloud, aerosol, and atmospheric processes, which in turn leads to improvements in models of the Earth's climate.

The main removal process for aerosols is related to rain and clouds, and up in the stratosphere there isn't any to speak of.

PNNL researchers play a key role in reducing uncertainty through improved process understanding and modeling of climate processes such as clouds and aerosols.

«Photolytic processing of secondary organic aerosols dissolved in cloud droplets.»

In a defining document about the future of aerosol research, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory scientist Steve Ghan teamed with Brookhaven National Laboratory's Steve Schwartz, Chief Scientist for the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Science Program, to describe a disciplined process for successfully moving aerosol research from the observational stage to model simulations.

The complexity of various physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere makes it very difficult to identify sources of these carbon - containing aerosols.

Given the increasing availability of aerosol composition data collected from aircraft, the team expects that their approach can be successfully applied to improve understanding of a wide range of sophisticated processes and phenomena related to aerosols, including how properties evolve with time and the dynamic interactions between aerosols and clouds.

Regional aerosol models represent important aerosol properties and processes by integrating a suite of property and process models for a limited geographic area over a limited time span.

Much of this uncertainty is due to the complexity of aerosols and their interactions with and impacts on cloud processes and properties, as well as the wide range of scales on which these interactions occur.

These models focus on small numbers of aerosol properties or processes.

«Until recently, aerosol processes were under - represented in global climate models because of disconnects between various research programs,» explained Ghan.

He is particularly interested in the role of aerosols and clouds in the atmosphere, and has worked on the processes that describe these components of the atmosphere, the computational details that are needed to describe them in computer models, and on their impact on climate.

Identification and parameterization of key processes involved in aerosol - cloud interactions

This type of systems perspective is critical to better understanding the interaction of aerosols and clouds and incorporating these processes into climate modeling frameworks.

Jerome Fast has lead a team of PNNL scientists that have contributed a gas - phase chemistry mechanism, an sectional aerosol model, cloud chemistry, cloud - aerosol interactions, and radiative feedback processes into the chemistry version of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF - chem) model.

High - resolution simulations are being performed that resolve the local and regional variations of particulate characteristics to obtain a better understanding of important aerosol processes that need to be incorporated into larger - scale climate models.

«Aerosol modeling today is very haphazard; there is not a lot of systematic testing and evaluation of new aerosol process mAerosol modeling today is very haphazard; there is not a lot of systematic testing and evaluation of new aerosol process maerosol process modules.

«The Aerosol Modeling Testbed: A Community Tool to Objectively Evaluate Aerosol Process Modules,» Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92, 343 - 360.

Improving the Understanding and Model Representation of Processes That Couple Shallow Clouds, Aerosols, and Land - Ecosystems — Thursday, December 15, 10:20 to 10:35 a.m., Moscone West 3010

The tool suite documents the performance of specific aerosol process modules.

Why it matters: Aerosol processes — how they behave and interact with clouds in the atmosphere — are among the most important — yet most difficult to simulate, aspects of climate modeling.

Now, with the Aerosol Modeling Testbed, scientists can systematically and objectively evaluate new aerosol process modules over a wide range of spatial and temporal Aerosol Modeling Testbed, scientists can systematically and objectively evaluate new aerosol process modules over a wide range of spatial and temporal aerosol process modules over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.

Each evaluation study often uses a different model and / or data set, making it impossible to directly compare the performance and computational efficiency of various approaches that simulate the same aerosol process.

In addition, model intercomparison studies do not quantify the range of uncertainty associated with a specific aerosol process, nor does this type of uncertainty analysis provide much information on which aerosol process needs improving the most.

The works in Gravity were inspired by Lee's studies of physics and integrating his findings in the process of painting with aerosol and latex.

Perhaps surprisingly, the key innovation in this experimental set up is not the presence of the controllable ionisation source (from the Proton Synchrotron accelerator), but rather the state - of - the - art instrumentation of the chamber that has allowed them to see in unprecedented detail what is going on in the aerosol nucleation process (this is according to a couple of aerosol people I've spoken about this with).

There are many other processes that affect aerosols and GCR - related ionisation is only a small part of that.

Aerosol processes are among the most uncertain, and most studied, aspects of climate and these experiments (they bombarded a clean mixture of water, SO2, O3 and air with high energy UV and saw small H2SO4 droplets form) might be useful in adding to that field.

Over even longer time scales (hundreds of years) there are a number of paleo - records that correlate with records of cosmogenic isotopes (particularly 10Be and 14C), however, these records are somewhat modulated by climate processes themselves (the carbon cycle in the case of 14C, aerosol deposition and transport processes for 10Be) and so don't offer an absolutely clean attribution.

Aerosols are but one among many «basic physics» processes occurring at the same time, and the net result of all of these processes working together is what translates into actual effects we can see taking place in real life.

Similarly, the influence of aerosols on precipitation processes is another example of a non-radiative climate forcing (see pages 6, and 42 - 44, for example, in the NRC report).

And yes, an accumulation of aerosols from previous eruptions can delay the process of aerosol dissipation from the most recent eruption, but the presence of these leftover aerosols only prolongs the cooling effect, no?

This statement on its own would be an acknowledgement that climate engineering processes are underway and now we can not turn back as switching off the aerosols would be more damaging than any other course of action.

However, they are also still mapping out the association between pollution, climate and weather, and one particular concern is that injecting aerosol into the atmosphere without a thorough understanding of the process might just make things worse.

It then combines with pollutants from combustion — mainly nitrogen oxides and sulfates from vehicles, power plants and industrial processes — to create tiny solid particles, or aerosols, no more than 2.5 micrometers across, about 1/30 the width of a human hair.

I was told by one semi-expert climate scientist (someone who was in the process of changing fields to climate science from a different numerical modeling field, as so possibly still catching up) that although globally aerosols played the most important role in this period, there was also around the same time period (maybe beginning slightly earlier?

Perlwitz, J.P., C. Pérez García - Pando, and R.L. Miller, 2015: Predicting the mineral composition of dust aerosols — Part 2: Model evaluation and identification of key processes with observations.