Sentences with phrase «of aerosol production»

First computer model simulation of aerosol production done based on laboratory measurements

Not exact matches

Reactions in and on sea - salt aerosol particles may have a strong influence on oxidation processes in the marine boundary layer through the production of halogen radicals, and reactions on mineral aerosols may significantly affect the cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, and atmospheric oxidants.

In one of the first studies of its kind, scientists have found that tar sands production in Canada is one of North America's largest sources of secondary organic aerosols — air pollutants that affect the climate, cloud formation and public health.

Aerosols from the production of heavy oil is a growing climate and pollution concern because new tar sands developments are on the drawing board in Venezuela, Utah and elsewhere, the study says.

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, showed that the production of tar sands and other heavy oil — thick, highly viscous crude oil that is difficult to produce — are a major source of aerosols, a component of fine particle air pollution, which can affect regional weather patterns and increase the risk of lung and heart disease.

Using aircraft to measure air pollution over the Alberta tar sands region, the researchers found that tar sands production emitted between 55 and 101 metric tonnes of secondary organic aerosols per day.

But even this paper qualifies its predictions (whether or not aerosols would so increase was unknown) and speculates that nuclear power may have largely replaced fossil fuels as a means of energy production (thereby, presumably, removing the aerosol problem).

Defense Mechanisms of the Respiratory System and Aerosol Production Systems.

Another catalyst of this Atlantic oceanic warming is the declining Northern Hemisphere aerosol production.»

Analyses of the ground and aircraft data performed by Setyan et al. (2012), Shilling et al. (2013), and Kleinman et al. (2016) showed that organic aerosol production increased when human - caused emissions from Sacramento mixed with air rich in isoprene, an organic compound wafting from many plants that originate in the area's foothills.

During that period, moreover, there were no constraints on the burning of coal whatsoever, thus no constraints on the production of the sort of aerosols currently claimed to have a cooling effect on the atmosphere strong enough to offset the effect of CO2 emission.

But even this paper qualifies its predictions (whether or not aerosols would so increase was unknown) and speculates that nuclear power may have largely replaced fossil fuels as a means of energy production (thereby, presumably, removing the aerosol problem).

However, as I understand it what is currently the mainstream view is that what explains the transition from early 20th century warming to the flat period between is the resumption of industrial production and thus of reflective aerosols (predominantly sulfates), and that likewise, it was the passage in the early seventies of laws requiring cleaner emissions that reduced reflective aerosols.

To go farther, though, and count on offsetting the entire unrestrained CO2 production of the coming century with engineered aerosols is fraught with peril.

I write it off as a very real effect that is not well characterized by the models, probably because these models don't model with enough accuracy the effect of the additional aerosol particles on cloud production to properly account for it's full effect on temperature.

re anonymous's early comment: The short residency time of aerosols that are constantly replenished implies that the climate response to changes in their production will be quite rapid.

And even if they had a good handle on the effects of aerosol concentrations, no one agrees on the actual numbers for aerosol concentrations or production.

Fertilizer production will almost certainly keep growing to keep pace with human population, but the amount of aerosols created as a result depends on many factors, including air temperature, precipitation, season, time of day, wind patterns and of course the other needed ingredients from industrial or natural sources.

Associated with human greenhouse gas production is the release of fine particle known as aerosols which have a temporary cooling effect (they last in the atmosphere less than a week).

Global sulfate production plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing; more than half of this production occurs in clouds.

Since 1991, the World Bank — China Montreal Protocol Partnership has phased out the consumption and production of more than 219,000 tons of ozone - depleting substances from sectors as diverse as refrigeration, air - conditioning, foam manufacturing, aerosol production and fire extinguishing.

27 In the late 1970s, the United States and many other countries banned most uses of CFCs in aerosol sprays In 1990, many nations agreed to phase out the production and use of CFCs The size of the ozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLETIof CFCs in aerosol sprays In 1990, many nations agreed to phase out the production and use of CFCs The size of the ozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLETIof CFCs The size of the ozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLETIof the ozone layer is expected to gradually shrink over time as these decreases take effect RESULTS OF OZONE DEPLETIOF OZONE DEPLETION

Meanwhile, production of greenhouse gases — which linger in the atmosphere much longer than sulfate aerosols — has continued, causing average global temperatures to rise.

And the reason is ostensibly that cooling aerosol production prior to 1950 negated much or all of the warming effect of GHG production.

The underlying mechanism is that charged aerosols are more effective than neutral aerosols as ice nuclei (i.e., electrofreezing) and that the enhanced collections of charged evaporation nuclei by supercooled droplets enhance the production of ice by contact ice nucleation (i.e., electroscavenging).

On the basis of the current density - cloud hypothesis the variations in the current density change the charge status of aerosols that affect the ice production rate and hence the cloud microphysics and climate [e.g., Tinsley and Dean, 1991; Tinsley, 2000].

The response of biogenic secondary organic carbon aerosol production to a temperature change, however, could be considerably lower than the response of biogenic VOC emissions since aerosol yields can decrease with increasing temperature.

A growing number of studies perform both the chemical production, transformation, and transportation of aerosols and the radiative forcing calculations (see Chapter 5) with the advantage of correlating predicted aerosol distributions precisely with fields determining aerosol production and deposition such as clouds (e.g., Penner et al., 1998b).

Not counting the 0.9 degrees Ramanathan and Feng have pointed to waiting in the form of hidden deferred warming from aerosols that will be «unmasked» when fossil air pollution or fossil energy production stops and the likelihood of another 1.0 degrees C coming in the least time it will take to actually stabilize greenhouse emissions.

The production rates of ion clusters are, however, generally too low to explain the observed aerosol - formation rates.

David, it should be relatively easy given the short atmosperic life of tropospheric aerosols to show a correlation between their source of production and trends in regional temperature.

First, according to Stern, production of these aerosols worldwide (right) did not peak until 1990, at level almost 20 % higher than they were in the late 1970's when the global cooling phenomena ended.