Sentences with phrase «of aerosol sources»

In order to grasp the reasons behind the discrepancies, we investigate the effect of aerosol sources that are not properly included in the model's emission inventory and in the boundary conditions such as the wildfires and the desert dust component.

We must remember that are a number of aerosol sources that produce particles of this size (about 100 nm or 0.1 micron), including anthropogenic ones.

Not exact matches

China «could cause some decreases [in stratospheric aerosols] if that is the source,» Neely says, adding that growing SO2 emissions from India could also increase cooling if humans are the dominant cause of injecting aerosols into the atmosphere.

Another source of uncertainty comes from the direct effect of aerosols from human origins: How much do they reflect and absorb sunlight directly as particles?

These aerosols outweigh all other human sources of fine - particulate air pollution in much of the United States, Europe, Russia and China, according to new research.

The lasers themselves could be located up to a few hundred meters away from the radioactive source, Isaacs said, as long as line - of - sight was maintained and the air was not too turbulent or polluted with aerosols.

Most projections say tighter regulations, cleaner sources of electricity and higher - mileage vehicles will cut industrial emissions enough by the end of this century that farm emissions will be starved of the other ingredients necessary to create aerosols, she said.

The research focuses on the power of minute airborne particles known as aerosols, which can come from urban and industrial air pollution, wildfires and other sources.

Overall, improving our understanding of one of the largest natural aerosol sources is critical if we are to understand the effects of human - made aerosols on climate,» says Matt Salter.

India, another huge source of atmospheric pollution, recently allowed European scientists to measure its high - level aerosols, an experiment that also includes flights into Nepal and Bangladesh.

«Current emission inventories do not account for cultural burning practices in Asia as aerosol sources,» said Chakrabarty, who is originally from the Northeastern region of India.

When Rajan Chakrabarty, Ph.D., an assistant research professor at the Desert Research Institute, began looking into the regional inventories of human - produced sources of carbon aerosol pollution in South Asia, considered to be a climate change hot spot, he knew something was missing.

There are many sources of aerosol emission.

A third key hypothesis involves acidic aerosols released at volcanic sites, such as acid fog, dispersed throughout the atmosphere, and interacting subsequently with the finer components of soil as a source of widespread hydrated iron - sulfate salts.

Yet there is no doubt that research into atmospheric aerosols is becoming increasingly important due to the effects that they can have on the global temperature of Earth, given that solar radiation is the main source of energy for Earth - Atmosphere system.

Forest fires in the lower latitudes, however, are actually beneficial sources of black carbon because it is coupled with organic aerosols and ends up reflecting light and heat, causing the surrounding area to cool.

This provides a new insight into the conventional belief that tree leaves are the primary source of organic gases and aerosols which can affect the cloud formation.

Organic matter, which constitutes up to 90 percent of aerosols, is often attributable to biogenic sources.

In one of the first studies of its kind, scientists have found that tar sands production in Canada is one of North America's largest sources of secondary organic aerosols — air pollutants that affect the climate, cloud formation and public health.

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, showed that the production of tar sands and other heavy oil — thick, highly viscous crude oil that is difficult to produce — are a major source of aerosols, a component of fine particle air pollution, which can affect regional weather patterns and increase the risk of lung and heart disease.

Since Thornton's and his colleagues» study was published, Ilan Koren and Orit Altaratz at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and colleagues have found, using the WWLLN, that more intense lightning is connected with aerosol sources over land.

The cooling effect of aerosols can partly offset global warming on a short - term basis, but many are made of organic material that comes from sources that scientists don't fully understand, said Joost de Gouw, a research physicist at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colo., who is unaffiliated with the studies.

«Microorganisms are in a constant fight for territory, for food sources, for their place in that microbial community,» says Karen Bartlett of the University of British Columbia, an expert in the behavior of biological aerosols.

Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, consisting of (in rough order of abundance): sea salt, mineral dust, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate (which has natural as well as anthropogenic sources from e.g. coal burning), and carbonaceous aerosol such as soot, plant emissions, and incompletely combusted fossil fuel.

The red line shows the effective temperature forcing of greenhouse gases and aerosols (converted to CO2), and the blue line shows the forcing from both those manmade sources and natural factors, like solar radiation.

To deal with that, most sucessful scientists develop networks of «trusted» sources — people you know and get along with, but who are specialists in different areas (dynamics, radiation, land surfaces, aerosols, deep time paleo etc.) and who you can just call up and ask for the bottom line.

One proposed way to carry out this method of geoengineering would have balloon - tethered pipe to pump sulfur aerosols into the stratosphere and block a portion of solar radiation from reaching earth [Read more on the Smithsonian website] Image Source: Wikimedia Commons, Hugh Hunt.

Wang, M. Gao, Q. Zhang, K. He, G. Carmichael, U. Pöschl and H. Su: Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in China, Science Advances 2 (12), e1601530, doi: 10.1126 / sciadv.1601530, 2016.

Prospero, J.M. et al. (2002): Environmental characterization of global sources of atmospheric soil dust identified with the nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) absorbing aerosol product, Rev. Geophys.

The complexity of various physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere makes it very difficult to identify sources of these carbon - containing aerosols.

The lagest sources of aerosol mass are from sea salt and mineral dust.

Aerosols are one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in climate science.

Because much of Earth's land mass is covered by plants, there is a large source of these biogenic aerosol particles that need to be accounted for in climate change prediction.

Scientists employed methods developed in this study to tag each source of aerosol, such as fossil - fuel burning from vehicles and power plants, or biomass burning, and follow its path in the model.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) considers that the increase in aerosols and clouds since pre-industrial times represents one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate change5.

These layers are caused by seasonal changes in the source, transport, and deposition of aerosols.

The CARES field campaign was designed to increase scientific knowledge about the evolution of black carbon, primary organic aerosols (POA), and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from both human - caused and natural (biogenic) sources.

In fact, a subsequent study conducted by Liu et al. (2015) and published in Nature Communications, contrasts the CARES measurements with those obtained from the 2012 Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign to show that aerosol coatings influence black carbon absorption and the form and structural details of the mixing state may be specific to the source and region where the mixing occurs.

Similarly, simulations could not explain how aerosols carry pollutants thousands of miles away from the sources to pristine environments.

Valuable reference source for students, researchers, college and university professors, and specialists working in the fields of nanoparticle technology, surface science, chemistry, nanotechnology, solid - state physics, materials science, polymer science, colloid science, aerosol technology, environmental science, pharmacy, biotechnology, etc..

Less understood — and more difficult to measure — is the influence of aerosol particles from human sources, particularly the use of coal and other fossil fuels.

Researchers from the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and colleagues analyzed the dust concentrations in aerosol samples from two locations, French Guiana's capital city Cayenne and the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, to understand the amount, source regions, and seasonal patterns of airborne dust that travels across the North Atlantic Ocean.

Aerosol forcings are substantially a result of fossil fuel burning [1], [76], but the net aerosol forcing is a sensitive function of various aerosol sourceAerosol forcings are substantially a result of fossil fuel burning [1], [76], but the net aerosol forcing is a sensitive function of various aerosol sourceaerosol forcing is a sensitive function of various aerosol sourceaerosol sources [76].

Expectations of decreases in large source regions such as China [195] may be counteracted by aerosol increases other places as global population continues to increase.

In general, the risk of aerosol transmission increases with proximity and duration of exposure to the source; however, once aerosolized, certain pathogens may remain infective over long distances, depending on particle size, the nature of the pathogen, and such environmental factors as temperature and humidity.3

Perhaps surprisingly, the key innovation in this experimental set up is not the presence of the controllable ionisation source (from the Proton Synchrotron accelerator), but rather the state - of - the - art instrumentation of the chamber that has allowed them to see in unprecedented detail what is going on in the aerosol nucleation process (this is according to a couple of aerosol people I've spoken about this with).

To be simplistic about it, if the ratio of aerosols (from all sources) to greenhouse gasses (from all sources) increased, then surely the net forcing would decline.

There is very high confidence that the net 20th C aerosol effect was a cooling — mostly because estimates of tropospheric sulphate aerosols dominate the changes, and because BC and OC changes for many sources almost balance out.

Biomass burning is a big source of black carbon and organic aerosols (warming), CO and VOCs (ozone precursors), also SO2 (leading to sulphate aerosols)(cooling).

If you «use all of the data» you can't detect any change in trend from forcings known to make a difference (e.g. sulfate aerosols, which peaked in the 1940 - 1970 range from US sources and again later from Chinese).