Sentences with phrase «of aerosols as»

You may even have read about this, and about how some scientists believe that the contribution of aerosols as a result of explosion may have contributed to the relative slow - down of global warming of the last few years.

The new forcing estimate comes about from a newer understanding of the role of aerosols as well as the additional radiative forcing from greenhouse gas emissions since 2005.

In addition to the Ramanathan paper cited above by Chief Hydrologist, the review article by Ramanathan and Carmichael is informative in quantifying both the positive and negative forcing effects of aerosols as a function of their components.

The overwhelming uncertainty in determining TCR from historical data is the uncertainty about the historical net warming or cooling effects of aerosols as discussed in Lewis and Curry (2014).

Indeed they tend to regard the introduction of the aerosols as a «hack» to explain away the lack of warming in the 1945 - 75 period.

The researchers» next steps are to specify the size of the aerosols as well as quantify the number of droplets released, Deike said.

His characterization of the aerosol as pollution has also been used here and elsewhere in articles, blogs, etc..

Not exact matches

While many men simply grab a disposable razor and a cheap can of aerosol shaving cream every time they shave, a traditional wet shave requires a bit more planning and preparation, as it's important to have the right equipment.

ASTM International F2638 - 07 Standard Test Method for Using Aerosol Filtration for measuring the Performance of Porous Packaging Materials as a Surrogate Microbial Barrier

Eric Frantz, CCL vice president operations, home and personal care North America, has been elected as president of the International organisation of Aluminium Aerosol Container Manufacturers (Aerobal).

During the Aerosol and Dispensing Forum (ADF) 2018, which takes place from 31 January to 1 February at the Porte de Versailles, Paris, Sun Chemical will showcase its portfolio of inks for monobloc, tube and aerosol cans as well as its brand protection solutions for metal pacAerosol and Dispensing Forum (ADF) 2018, which takes place from 31 January to 1 February at the Porte de Versailles, Paris, Sun Chemical will showcase its portfolio of inks for monobloc, tube and aerosol cans as well as its brand protection solutions for metal pacaerosol cans as well as its brand protection solutions for metal packaging.

Easyfairs Oriex has announced the appointment of Christelle Anya as event director of ADF (aerosol & dispensing forum) and PCD (packaging perfumes,..

Avoid smaller aerosol - style extinguishers (they look like cans of hairspray), as they require you to get too close for comfort to the fire.

The fan ran onto the pitch and sprayed tear - gas from an aerosol can into the eyes of the keeper, who then conceded a goal as he struggled to clear his temporary blindness.

Besides knowing a lot more about the transport of volcanic aerosols in the atmosphere, modern researchers had communications lines and satellites so that news of an eruption could be relayed quickly and the effects noted as they unfolded.

If that SO2 makes it to the stratosphere — the middle layer of the atmosphere 10 kilometers up — it forms droplets of diluted sulfuric acid, known as aerosols.

One aerosol, black carbon, is of increasing concern for Arctic nations worried about the pace of climate change in the far north, which is warming twice as fast as the global average.

While it is still possible that other factors, such as heat storage in other oceans or an increase in aerosols, have led to cooling at the Earth's surface, this research is yet another piece of evidence that strongly points to the Pacific Ocean as the reason behind a slowdown in warming.

These results imply that the chlorine activation efficiency of the aerosol particles increases rapidly as the temperature approaches the ice frost point regardless of the phase or composition of the particles.

Scientists are also trying to figure out the role that aerosol particles — including a component of soot known as black carbon — play in influencing the behavior of Himalayan glaciers.

Climate change is likely to influence rainfall patterns in the Sierra Nevada as well as the amount of dust that makes its way into the atmosphere, so the hope is that a better understanding of how aerosols affect precipitation will help water managers in the future.

Another source of uncertainty comes from the direct effect of aerosols from human origins: How much do they reflect and absorb sunlight directly as particles?

For example, the tiny particles known as aerosols are far better understood, says atmospheric scientist Piers Forster of the University of Leeds in England andalso a lead author.

We have more than doubled the global concentration of aerosols such as soot since pre-industrial times

The lasers themselves could be located up to a few hundred meters away from the radioactive source, Isaacs said, as long as line - of - sight was maintained and the air was not too turbulent or polluted with aerosols.

Overall, the new measures would lower global anthropogenic emissions of methane by 50 % and of black carbon aerosols, also known as soot, by 80 %.

Aerosol particles have different sizes, as well as chemical and physical properties, all of which determine their climate effects.

The scientists expect further warming in the Arctic as levels of greenhouse gases will continue to increase and aerosol particle emissions will likely decrease to combat air pollution in different parts of the world.

The research focuses on the power of minute airborne particles known as aerosols, which can come from urban and industrial air pollution, wildfires and other sources.

Geoengineering — the intentional manipulation of the climate to counter the effect of global warming by injecting aerosols artificially into the atmosphere — has been mooted as a potential way to deal with climate change.

«We suspect that water bound within sea salt, known as hydrates, play a significant role in defining the hygroscopicity of inorganic sea spray aerosol, If true, it means that the particles would take up less water because of the water already present as hydrates and, as a result, they would grow less.

Since the 1990s, scientists have been discussing using aircraft to inject aerosols, such as sulfates, into the atmosphere as a form of geoengineering to mimic volcanic eruptions that sometimes cool the planet by casting shades of particulate matter.

Another study, published last year in Reviews of Geophysics, lists the man - made aerosols as coming from sulfates, nitrate and black carbon emitted by internal combustion engines, coal - fired power plants, slash - and - burn agricultural practices, and smoke from cooking.

«Current emission inventories do not account for cultural burning practices in Asia as aerosol sources,» said Chakrabarty, who is originally from the Northeastern region of India.

On their own, aerosol particles are tiny; when a cloud droplet becomes a rain droplet, it grows by a factor of a million as droplets crash and coalesce together.

By using smaller grids — with spacing of just a few kilometers rather than several tens of kilometers as in conventional current models — they were able to show that they could more realistically model the amount of black carbon aerosols, mitigating the underestimation in more coarse - grained models.

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

«It is also known,» continues Sato, «that current models do not realistically model the vertical distribution of the aerosols, and we believe that finer measurements could help there as well.

The researchers [3] quantified China's current contribution to global «radiative forcing» (the imbalance, of human origin, of our planet's radiation budget), by differentiating between the contributions of long - life greenhouse gases, the ozone and its precursors, as well as aerosols.

In the past, numerous studies have identified black carbon aerosols emitted from combustion of fossil fuels and residential biofuels as the dominant light - absorbing aerosol over South Asia.

The sulfuric acid condensed into minute droplets — each two hundred times finer than the width of a human hair — that could easily remain suspended in the air as an aerosol cloud.

According to the report, sulfate and other aerosols reflect sunlight and reduce the amount of solar energy hitting Earth's surface by as much as 15 %.

A third key hypothesis involves acidic aerosols released at volcanic sites, such as acid fog, dispersed throughout the atmosphere, and interacting subsequently with the finer components of soil as a source of widespread hydrated iron - sulfate salts.

Subsequent, unusually large and frequent eruptions of other volcanoes, as well as sea - ice / ocean feedbacks persisting long after the aerosols have been removed from the atmosphere, may have prolonged the cooling through the 1700s.

Taking factors such as sea surface temperature, greenhouse gases and natural aerosol particles into consideration, the researchers determined that changes in the concentration of black carbon could be the primary driving force behind the observed alterations to the hydrological cycle in the region.

Soot particles, also known as black carbon aerosols, affect climate by absorbing sunlight, which warms the surrounding air and limits the amount of solar radiation that reaches the ground.

The researchers used water and water mixed with glycerin to create a model for predicting the velocity and height of the droplets, or jet aerosols, cast upward as bubbles on a liquid's surface burst.

EPIC maintains a constant view of the fully illuminated Earth as it rotates, providing scientific observations of ozone, vegetation, cloud height and aerosols in the atmosphere.

The researchers created a model for predicting the velocity and height of jet aerosols produced by bubbles from 20 microns to several millimeters in size, and in liquids as viscous as water, or up to ten times more viscous.

The theory of dangerous climate change is based not just on carbon dioxide warming but on positive and negative feedback effects from water vapor and phenomena such as clouds and airborne aerosols from coal burning.