In order to reflect potential non-permanence
of afforestation and reforestation project activities, the use of temporary certificates for Net Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Removal was decided by COP 9.
This is somewhat offset by our greatly reduced adoption
of afforestation in the Land Use Sector, compared to the IPCC and others.
Researchers in Canada have used a comprehensive Earth system model to evaluate the climate impact of varying levels
of afforestation, in different parts of the world.
Since every newly planted tree seedling in the tropics removes an average of 50 kilograms of CO2 from the atmosphere each year during its growth period of 20 — 50 years, compared with 13 kilograms of CO2 per year for a tree in the temperate regions, much
of the afforestation and reforestation opportunity is found in tropical countries.
This analytical report presents the main insights from the BioCarbon Fund experience in accompanying the development and implementation
of Afforestation / Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism (A / R CDM) projects covering the following aspects: (i) CDM regulations, (ii) land - related issues, (iii) non-permanence, (iv) land - related issues, (v) greenhouse gas accounting, (vi) finance, (vii) institutional arrangements, (viii) and under - delivery risk.
«Take the story
of afforestation.
It raises serious concerns about the effectiveness
of afforestation and reforestation projects under the CDM and the impacts they have on local communities.
I thought I'd seen mentions
of afforestation or predictive vegetation in the IPCC report.
This Guam research contributes to the ongoing global discussions about the role
of afforestation for revegetating tropical degraded habitats.
In his remarks, the Commissioner for Natural Resources, Mr. Rasheed Badmus, disclosed that the government had signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Wewood Limited to plant the seedlings on 10,000 hectares of land while West African Plantation Limited would plant the remaining portion
of the afforestation project.
Not exact matches
Another option proposed for the area was
afforestation, but in view
of the high density
of rural population and the fertile soils this was dismissed and another alternative was sought.
(ii) Protection and enhancement
of sinks and reservoirs
of greenhouse gases...; promotion
of sustainable forest management practices,
afforestation and reforestation;
Akeredolu, stated this at the inauguration ceremony
of the planting
of teak / gmelina seedlings by the West Africa Forest Plantations Limited at the Ondo State
Afforestation Project, Ore in Odigbo Local Government Area
of the state.
The Association fingered the Project Coordinator
of West Africa
Afforestation Project in the state, Mr. Weluche Umez
of extorting unsuspecting members
of the union under false Pretence.
This is thought to be connected to a number
of factors including, predation,
afforestation, changes in land management and climate change.
«The overall temperature benefits
of any realistic
afforestation efforts are expected to be marginal,» he says.
«This is roughly double
of the carbon prices discussed in the current political debate, and substantially more than cost estimates for
afforestation which are at 24 Euros per ton
of CO2 removed.
A massive redistribution
of land - use rights aims to boost
afforestation and sustainable forestry.
I've been assuming we will have to virtually stop CO2 emissions at some stage, but doubt even that is possible to the nth degree given the need to grow food, build houses etc., at least not without sequestration,
afforestation or other offsets
of some kind.
Most low - emission scenarios involve substantial land - use change (LUC) including the expansion
of bioenergy and food crops, as well as
afforestation.
Quick note on
afforestation in California: CA used the irrigation provided by its water project to sustain large groves
of fruit and nut trees (whose product had large commercial value); subsequently, many
of these trees were sacrificed to enhance the natural environment
of the Delta Snail Darter (which has no commercial value), which has resulted in large stands
of dead or moribund trees.
15.2 by 2020, promote the implementation
of sustainable management
of all types
of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests, and increase
afforestation and reforestation by x % globally
Net loss
of forest has slowed in recent years, due to both a slight decrease in deforestation and an increase in
afforestation and the expansion
of natural forests.
Most
of the scientists you mentioned (Hansen, Caldeira, Sachs) have their names on papers supporting at least
afforestation, but often more.
We estimate that removing 1 Pg C y − 1 via tropical
afforestation would require at least 7 × 106 ha y − 1
of land, 0.09 Tg y − 1
of nitrogen, and 0.2 Tg y − 1
of phosphorous, and would increase evapotranspiration from those lands by almost 50 %.
This seems highly unwise, and, as I discussed in a piece on HuffPost about it, «Methane in the Twilight Zone, Episode 2,» * the more that you're planning on doing anything about climate change — i.e., lowering GHG emissions, pulling carbon out
of the system through biochar,
afforestation, etc — the less sense it makes.
Implications
of the inclusion
of reforestation
of lands with forest in exhaustion as
afforestation and reforestation clean development mechanism project activities
We can use this simple model to explore other actions and dynamics — combinations
of deforestation,
afforestation, and adopting and abandoning different farming practices.
Three
of them — on solar energy,
afforestation and energy efficiency — seek to slow down the growth
of India's emissions.
The paper concludes with a number
of recommendations for
afforestation.
The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA), at its twentieth session, requested its Chair, with the assistance
of the secretariat and on the basis
of submissions by Parties contained in documents FCCC / SBSTA / 2004 / MISC.3 and FCCC / SBSTA / 2004 / MISC.4, and
of inputs by Parties during the twentieth session
of the SBSTA, to prepare a draft text for a decision on simplified modalities and procedures for small - scale
afforestation and reforestation project activities under the clean development mechanism and on measures to facilitate the implementation
of these project activities, for consideration by the SBSTA at its twenty - first session.
Most helpful were
afforestation of degraded areas with coffee agroforestry systems and boundary tree plantings.
Visiting Dinabandhu Gand
of Kauguda village in the Kalahandi district
of Odisha shows that CDM projects in
afforestation and reforestation can do the opposite to what they are designed to.
Wise land management,
afforestation and the thermal conversion
of biomass can build back our soil carbon.
Afforestation and natural expansion
of forests in some countries and regions have reduced the net loss
of forest area significantly at the global level (Figure 4).
Asia, which had a net loss
of forest
of some 600 000 ha annually in the 1990s, reported a net gain
of forest
of more than 2.2 million hectares per year in the period 2000 — 2010, primarily due to the large - scale
afforestation reported by China and despite continued high rates
of net loss in many countries in South and Southeast Asia.
This decision defined small - scale
afforestation or reforestation project activities as those that are expected to result in net anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks
of less than 8 kilotonnes
of carbon dioxide per year.
On the basis
of submissions by Parties contained in documents FCCC / SBSTA / 2004 / MISC.3 and FCCC / SBSTA / 2004 / MISC.4, and
of inputs by Parties during the SBSTA, a draft text for a decision on simplified modalities and procedures for small - scale
afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM and on measures to facilitate the implementation
of these project activities was prepared.
SBSTA 20 (FCCC / SBSTA / 2004 / 6, paragraphs 29 — 33) took note
of a technical paper prepared by the secretariat (FCCC / TP / 2004 / 2) on simplified modalities and procedures for small - scale
afforestation and reforestation projects under the CDM.
Reducing emissions (for example, by reducing deforestation) and enhancing removals (for example, by
afforestation or reforestation) are already important components
of some countries» emission reduction pledges and will no doubt continue to be so in the agreement concluded under the ADP.
Biological sequestration includes direct removal
of CO2 from the atmosphere through land - use change,
afforestation, reforestation, carbon storage in landfills and practices that enhance soil carbon in agriculture.
Moreover, CDR techniques can affect temperatures via SRM mechanisms too:
afforestation — at least in higher latitudes — reduces albedo, producing offsetting warming, while OIF releases dimethyl sulphides which could have a significant impact on temperatures by reflecting incoming sunlight (analogous to, if more short - lived, than the effect
of sulphates in the stratosphere).
In terms
of feedstock for CRFS, the global area
of non-farmland and non-forest suitable for
afforestation was found to be around 1.6 Gha.s (4.0 billion acres) in a recent joint study by WRI & WFN.
A potential weakness
of CRFS in addressing the issue
of around 170 ppm
of airborne and marine (re-emitted) CO2 is the lead - time for native coppice
afforestation of non-farmland for charcoal - feedstock, plus the oceans» thermal inertia timelag on the carbon sequestration's cooling effect.
On a global scale, the cooling effect
of carbon sequestration dominates and, in this work,
afforestation of all the climatically viable cropland gave a global temperature reduction
of 0.45 oC by the end
of this century.
The public money will fund projects exploring the real - world potential
of «negative emissions» technologies (NETs), including soil carbon management,
afforestation, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), enhanced weathering and direct capture
of methane from the air.
These include the effects that trees have on local atmospheric chemistry and potentially the clouds above them; until these are fully understood it is somewhat difficult to attribute a «temperature benefit»
of a specific magnitude to a given
afforestation scenario.
Yes,
afforestation of deserts (if it could be done) would increase the local temperatures and increase freshwater flow and thus reduce the salinity
of the oceans and change circulation patterns.
In several cases, the implementation
of AFOLU mitigation measures may result in an improvement in land management and therefore have socio ‐ economic, health, and environmental benefits: For example, reducing deforestation, reforestation, and
afforestation can improve local climatic conditions, water quality, biodiversity conservation, and help to restore degraded or abandoned land.
Overall the researchers estimate that 20 percent
of U.S. carbon emissions could be offset through
afforestation, or the conversion
of marginal agricultural lands into forests.