Sentences with phrase «of air bubbles trapped»

The project will bring insights into Earth's climate cycle through the analysis of air bubbles trapped in ice.

These measurements, supplemented by analyses of air bubbles trapped in ice core samples, show unequivocally that atmospheric CO2 has increased from a pre-industrial level of 277 ppm in 1750 to present day concentrations that are approaching 390 ppm.

Not exact matches

It's unable to trap air bubbles so it's important to steer clear of flax seed puree when making anything resembling a custard, pudding or sauce.

A loaf of wheat bread rises very well because the gluten (wheat proteins) trap air bubbles — think of chewing gum.

We're just taking advantage of a very small amount of emulsification, air bubble trapping and thickening properties.

Burp baby as frequently as possible to get rid of air bubbles that may be trapped below the milk.

Those air bubbles your little one swallows can easily get trapped in her belly, leading to a buildup of pressure.

In addition to the isotope concentration, the air bubbles trapped in the ice cores allow for measurement of the atmospheric concentrations of trace gases, including greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

An ice core is a core sample from the accumulation of snow and ice over many years that have recrystallized and have trapped air bubbles from previous time periods.

Growth rates for concentrations of carbon dioxide have been faster in the past 10 years than over any 10 - year period since continuous atmospheric monitoring began in the 1950s, with concentrations now roughly 35 percent above preindustrial levels (which can be determined from air bubbles trapped in ice cores).

Virtual dissection has been used to find air bubbles trapped in concrete, to spot grains of gold locked in rock, to identify writing on crusty rolls of papyrus, and to dissect the Kennewick man.

After a glaciologist from Alaska believed she heard trapped air bubbles escaping the ice, she teamed with other scientists from Texas to eavesdrop on bits of melting glacier ice taken from Gulkana Glacier in Alaska.

Researchers have a record of atmospheric carbon dioxide stretching back millions of years thanks to ice cores from Antarctica, which contain trapped gas bubbles, snapshots of ancient air.

Researchers discovered the likely mechanism behind petrichor only in 2015: A study in Nature Communications found that the average raindrop hits a porous surface with enough force to trap air bubbles at point of impact.

Confirmation of this idea requires a direct record of the ancient atmosphere — and this can be recovered by analysing the air that became trapped in tiny bubbles within ice as the snow it formed from fell to Earth.

«One consequence of this is that they can trap air bubbles and hold them in place indefinitely.»

This creates a dense net of fibers that water can't penetrate — and it also traps air bubbles that prevent heat transfer, keeping water from freezing on the feather's surface.

However, plant leaves and biofilms both vary in this respect: when the lotus effect is present, small air bubbles are trapped between the water droplet and the surface of the leaf, whereas this does not occur in the rose petal effect.

When an ant does end up underwater, tiny hairs on its body can trap bubbles of air that give the bug a buoyancy boost.

Air bubbles trapped in the ice cores provide a record of past atmospheric composition.

No doubt you will be most familiar with those trapped bubbles of air in bread, this causes the dough to swell and to rise which helps to form the characteristic light and open texture once it has been baked.

It strongly binds the ingredients in the bread dough together, which causes them to be trapped, gluten also stretches around the trapped bubbles of air which is produced by yeast.

A loaf of wheat bread rises very well because the gluten (wheat proteins) trap air bubbles — think of chewing gum.

I've been hoping to rig up a means to trap and accumulate those bubbles that come too few and far between in a short period of time, where once accumulated to a sufficient volume only then could I draw that collected air up into the block tester.

This makes for more even distribution of the material and virtually eliminates porosity — air bubbles or pockets trapped in the casting — for a stronger finished product.

Locked in bubbles of ancient air trapped in glaciers is a precise record of carbon dioxide stretching back 160,000 years.

Some other climate «scientists» also say that air bubbles trapped in glacial ice are reliable samples of air composition at the time the snow fell, even though it takes decades for the air to become trapped in the bubbles.

As sediments form on the floor of the ocean and snow piles up, trapping air bubble into ice, they store information concerning the climate of their day and the factors which affected it.

We know from bubbles of air trapped in ice cores that before the industrial revolution, the amount of CO2 in the air was approximately 280 parts per million (ppm).

What's so frightening to them is that after one of the regular warming periods begins, they can see (in air bubbles trapped in glaciers from those past times) that CO2 starts increasing, and they know that this is because of the warming and thawing of vast natural stores of carbon dioxide in the oceans — as well as in the frozen or frigid earth of the northern tundra.

New research from the University of Washington uses bubbles trapped in 2.7 billion - year - old rocks to show that air at that time exerted at most half the pressure of today's atmosphere.

Two new features on Nature Reports Climate Change pay homage to the work of scientists who, over the last few decades, have been tireless in their efforts to extract clues about the Earth's past climate from air bubbles, isotopes and dust particles trapped in ice.

Some people believe that it is the air bubbles trapped in the ice that tell the temperature history of the Earth and others believe that the ice cores tell the temperature history of the location that the ice core came from.

Hints that warming is being caused by emissions from industry and other human activities have been extracted from air bubbles trapped in ancient ice, from variations in tree rings, from the quick retreat of alpine glaciers.

They drill down into glaciers and study the bubbles of air trapped in ancient ice to find more information that can either prove or disprove an important hypothesis.

The scenario presented here is in contrast to [CO2] records reconstructed from air bubbles trapped in ice, which indicate lower concen - trations and a gradual, linear increase of [CO2] through time.»

CO2 trends for earlier times have been derived from measurements of CO2 in air trapped in bubbles in polar ice and in mountain glaciers.

I was wondering if the combination of increased pressure and aging has been proven not to affect the CO2 content of the trapped air bubbles by somehow hiding CO2.

The paper, «Reconstruction of past atmospheric CO2 concentrations by ice core analysis», acknowledges that, due to impurities, liquid water can exist as low as -50 deg C. Diffusion of CO2 into this water, due to its far higher solubility than nitrogen and oxygen, will partially deplete the CO2 from trapped air bubbles.

Part of the lag is due to the fact that gas bubbles are trapped in ice that is older than the air trapped.

Glacial ice and air bubbles trapped in it (top) preserve an 800,000 - year record of temperature & carbon dioxide.

The most direct evidence comes from tiny bubbles of ancient air trapped in the vast ice sheets of Antarctica.

[71][72] Because of the way air is trapped in ice (pores in the ice close off slowly to form bubbles deep within the firn) and the time period represented in each ice sample analyzed, these figures represent averages of atmospheric concentrations of up to a few centuries rather than annual or decadal levels.

Air bubbles trapped in the ice and chemical clues about atmospheric carbon levels in corals have shown that there is now more carbon dioxide in the air than at any other point in the history of human civilizatiAir bubbles trapped in the ice and chemical clues about atmospheric carbon levels in corals have shown that there is now more carbon dioxide in the air than at any other point in the history of human civilizatiair than at any other point in the history of human civilization.

The ice contains minute bubbles of prehistoric air trapped when it was formed, and once a reliable method had been developed by which to isolate and analyse that air (it is done in a vacuum), it was possible to get an idea of the composition of the atmosphere of the past, through ice - ages and interglacials.

Air bubbles that are trapped in the ice act like time capsules, conserving the atmosphere of the past.

Besides the information about greenhouse - gas levels from the trapped air bubbles at Vostok, a sediment core from the bottom of the Red Sea indicates changes in sea level, which in turn give an approximation of ice sheet area.