There are basically 3 things you need to consider for timing - engine RPM, air / fuel ratio, and volume
of air fuel mixture in the cylinder.
On the other hand, a spark plug which is too cold, will tend to not burn
all of the air fuel mixture within the cylinder, which also means worse gas mileage and sub-par performance as well.
Not exact matches
Two - stroke engines produce a lot
of pollution because the
fuel -
air mixture in them gets contaminated with the engine's lubricating oils.
«Imagine 20 tractor - trailers full
of combustible
fuel -
air mixture.
«The typical Mexico City car is a Volkswagen beetle several years old, running on a very rich
air -
fuel mixture of 8:1 in order to develop adequate power at the city's altitude
of 2400 metres,» says Stephen Bryen
of Lean Power Corporation
of Silver Spring.
But Bryen says that the same sensor technology, and the algorithms controlling
fuel -
air mixtures, can also improve the efficiency
of fuel - injection engines, including the latest Japanese designs with multiple valves and stratified charge combustion.
This is in part due to the compression ratio
of the cylinder, how much the piston squeezes the
air -
fuel mixture in the engine.
The traditional cylinder - piston design used in engines means that only the piston head itself produces motive force, as it is pushed up and down by the expansion
of the burning
fuel - and -
air mixture.
It will focus on catalyst development for four applications: proton exchange membrane
fuel cells to convert stored energy in non-fossil
fuels into electricity; electrolysers for splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen — a potential clean
fuel cell source; syngas, a
mixture of CO and H2, which is generated from coal, gas and biomass, and widely used as a key intermediate in the chemical industry; and lithium -
air batteries.
This usually means that there is an issue with the
mixture of air and
fuel reaching the engine (more on that in a bit).
Jim theorizes that low coolant caused portions
of the engine to get too hot, so the temperature sensing computer thought it was very cold outside, and made the
fuel -
air mixture too rich (less
air).
Typically bad emissions are due to an incorrect
mixture of air and
fuel.
What the ECU does is create a very specific
mixture of this
fuel, vapor, and
air that is needed to create the high energy burn that makes the engine turn.
On my car, I know that below a certain amount
of manifold pressure (30kpa on my car, 100kpa being atmospheric pressure) the
fuel /
air mixture can't reliably combust.
The result is an incorrect
air -
fuel mixture than can create a number
of problems, such as hard starting, a rough idle, hesitation, misfiring or a drop in
fuel economy — issues that could, without proper diagnosis, seem to have other causes, such as incorrect ignition timing or fouled spark plugs.
Once this
mixture of fuel droplets, and
air is inside the cylinder, and a spark occurs do the
air molecules gain kinetic energy, then collide into the atomised
fuel, and the individual
fuel molecules break apart thus turning
fuel from a liquid to a gas (vaporisation), then those
fuel molecules combines with the
air molecule, then combustion occurs?
High (CO) is the result
of one problem, a rich
air /
fuel mixture but may have several causes.
When this happens, the
air /
fuel mixture becomes outside
of what is ideal, and perhaps outside
of what is even stoichiometric.
This is because it will have a race camshaft which opens the inlet valves very early, it may hold the inlet and exhuast valves open at the same time to improve chamber filling using the negative pressure in the exhaust (i.e. scavange it's inlet plenum) and it will keep the valves open for as long as possible to let the maximum about
of air /
fuel mixture into the cylinders.
Even though the updated engine configuration uses richer
air -
fuel mixtures and more spark advance, Volvo says the C70's
fuel economy ratings
of 19/28 mpg (city / highway) are unchanged.
As the upstroke happens the pressure in the cylinder is now low because the escaping exhaust gases cause a small pressure wave
of escaping gas that now opens the reed value and draws in new
fuel /
air mixture.
The damage is often the result
of an incorrect
air /
fuel mixture, incorrect timing, or misfiring spark plugs.
This depends on
air velocity and temperature
of your
air /
fuel mixture.
A misfire occurs when a cylinder fails to ignite the
air /
fuel mixture at the right time and could happen due to a wide range
of reasons, including lack
of spark (a bad coil), lack
of fuel delivery (clogged
fuel injectors) and improper ignition timing (out -
of - spec cam timing).
Due to the behavior
of the working fluid (
air and
fuel mixture) before and after combustion, which have physical limitations on their flow, as well as their interaction with the ignition spark, the optimal valve timing, lift and duration settings under low RPM engine operations are very different from those under high RPM.
A higher percentage
of fuel to
air is described as a rich
mixture, while a lower percentage
of fuel to
air is termed a lean
mixture
The spray and cone angles have been optimised for torque, power output,
fuel consumption and emissions by enabling a homogeneous distribution
of the
air /
fuel mixture and, therefore, effective combustion.
The improved flow
of air /
fuel mixture into the engine and exhaust gas out
of the engine boosts power.
The power train control module (PCM) computer adjusts the
air /
fuel mixture to provide the best combination
of performance and
fuel efficiency
Portion
of the engine where the
air /
fuel mixture is ignited and converted to mechanical energy; includes all the space above the piston at top - dead - center (TDC), including the cylinder head, which forms the top
of the combustion chamber.
This induces swirl
of the intake charge which improves
air /
fuel atomization in the cylinder and allows for a leaner
fuel mixture to be used.
Detonation is caused by ignition
of the
air /
fuel mixture in the combustion chamber independent
of the spark plug firing
The expansion intake manifold uses the principle
of oscillating
air in the intake manifold during the cooler expansion phase, keeping the temperature
of the
fuel /
air mixture lower than in the 911 Turbo.
If a throttle body is failing the engine will not get the correct
mixture of air and
fuel.
The noise you may be hearing is a pre ignition ping caused by a combination
of a lean
fuel to
air mixture and advanced ignition timing.
This may be a sign
of an imbalanced
air /
fuel mixture caused by a failing idle
air control valve.
In order to run efficiently and smoothly, your vehicle needs a
fuel mixture that is a perfect combination
of air and gas.
Especially when hot, when the engine gets a leaner
mixture of air and
fuel, the idle
air control will have a greater effect on idle...
Any
of these possibilities relate to
fuel delivery issues that will disrupt the normally balanced
air /
fuel mixture that would otherwise allow the motor to run smoothly.
For a car to run smoothly, it needs the proper
mixture of air and
fuel.
The
air intake system draws
air from outside
of the vehicle, and blends it with the gas to create the optimal
fuel mixture for your vehicle.
It captures more
of the power in the
fuel -
air mixture.
It forces a denser
mixture of fuel and
air into the engine, which increases power while only marginally affecting
fuel mileage.
Using a central injector instead
of a side - injector system provides improved
fuel -
air mixture preparation, helping to further reduce
fuel consumption and lower emissions.
The system's main advance over its predecessor is that it provides the engineers a greater degree
of freedom in the calibration
of fuel quantity and timing and the distribution
of the
fuel -
air mixture in the combustion chamber.
The turbocharger pressurizes each cylinder with a denser
mixture of fuel and
air, which increases power.
Since the valve stays open longer, the piston's upward movement forces some
of the
fuel -
air mixture back out
of the cylinder.
The engines also feature a new cylinder - head design and a new, sculpted piston to optimize the mixing
of air and
fuel in the engine and the burning
of the
mixture to create power.
The supercharger forces a denser
mixture of fuel and
air into the engine to increase power.
Another step in this area includes redesigning the
air intake port connection to the combustion chamber into a smoother shape that does not impede the flow
of the
fuel -
air mixture.