The most common side effects were those that related to the way the drugs affect the functioning of the immune system, such as diarrhea, colitis (inflammation of the lining of the colon) and raised levels
of alanine aminotransferase (an enzyme, raised levels of which can indicate liver damage).
Dopamine did not cause hypertension or affect liver functions (i.e., levels
of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not elevated, as can happen with currently available anti-VEGF drugs);
Not exact matches
This may increase levels
of the liver enzyme «
alanine aminotransferase» (ALT) in the blood
The single - center retrospective study was conducted in 644 patients diagnosed as HBeAg - positive chronic HBV (an indicator
of active viral replication) with
alanine aminotransferase levels within two times
of upper normal limit, without evidence
of liver cirrhosis.
These outcomes were determined by measuring plasma levels
of a liver enzyme called
alanine aminotransferase (reduced by approximately 55 percent) and levels
of liver triglycerides (reduced by approximately 21 percent).
The lean group had significantly less insulin resistance as well as lower levels
of a liver enzyme called
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) that correlates with liver damage.
In some mice, levels
of the liver enzyme
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased tenfold compared to controls.
• Subject must meet the following criteria as indicated on the clinical laboratory tests: • Serum aspartate
aminotransferase and
alanine aminotransferase ≤ 2.5 x upper limit
of normal (ULN) • Serum total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or an estimated glomerular filtration rate
of > 50 mL / min as calculated by the Modification
of Diet in Renal Disease equation.
Sex influenced association
of directly measured insulin sensitivity and serum transaminase levels: why
alanine aminotransferase only predicts cardiovascular risk in men?
Alanine aminotransferase independently predicted muscle glucose uptake measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp in females only, whereas in males, fasting insulin and leptin were stronger predictors
of insulin resistance.
Exclusion criteria included: significant current illness as indicated by history, examination and / or laboratory testing including complete blood counts,
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum creatinine; previous immunization with a rabies vaccine or any experimental vaccine; chronic use
of immunosuppressants; receipt
of blood products during the previous 6 months; and allergy to substances present in the vaccines.
The most common grade 3/4 events, regardless
of attribution, included anemia (11 %), weight increase (7 %), neutrophil count decrease (7 %), and increased
alanine aminotransferase or aspartate
aminotransferase (7 %).
• Patients must have adequate coagulation (international normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) ≤ 1.5 times ULN) • Adequate liver function (total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times the ULN,
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5 times ULN Exclusion Criteria: • Presence
of active / uncontrolled central nervous system involvement • History
of clinically significant cardiac disease; uncontrolled hypertension • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45 % • Allogeneic stem cell transplant within 100 days before first dose
of study drug • Known history
of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection • Chronic or active hepatitis B or C, requiring antiviral therapy • Evidence
of history
of bleeding disorder, dialysis, or coexisting cancer that is distinct in primary site or histology from the cancer evaluated in this study • Serious, uncontrolled infection • Unresolved chronic toxicity > grade 1 from prior therapy • Use
of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or strong inducers within 7 days prior to the start
of study treatment and for the duration
of the study
Upstream ORFs and ATF4 - binding sites are found in many genes, but for the purposes
of this review genes that carry out biosynthesis
of non-essential amino acids (ASNS,
alanine aminotransferase 2, PSAT, serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2, pyrroline -5-carboxylate reductase and glutamate - oxaloacetate transaminase) and genes encoding amino acid transporters (cat1, ASCT1, ASCT2, SNAT2, SNAT7, LAT1, EAAT5 and xCT) are notably abundant [83,120].
Crystal structure
of an
alanine - glyoxylate
aminotransferase from Anabaena sp. at 1.70 A resolution reveals a noncovalently linked PLP cofactor.
A population - based case - control study in the United States showed that higher intake
of coffee, and especially caffeine, was associated with a lower prevalence
of abnormal
alanine aminotransferase activity [86].
Generally (very generally) in a case
of fatty liver disease you would expect an increase in circulating bilirubin, more than a two fold increase in aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) along with a normal or mildly increased gamma - glutamyl transferase (GGT) level I added a link to a biochemistry reference page for comparison.
ALT (
alanine aminotransferase) is a sensitive indicator
of active liver damage but doesn't indicate the cause.
ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT -
alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate
aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type
of white blood cell Baso basophil — type
of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type
of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake
of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup
of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type
of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part
of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type
of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type
of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)