Sentences with phrase «of albedo due»

The work continued on natural variability of albedo due to snow cover.

Not exact matches

«We used actual satellite measurements of both albedo and sea ice in the region to verify this and to quantify how much extra heat the region has absorbed due to the ice loss.

However, there is an additional shortcoming due to the fact that the equilibrium temperature is also affected by the ratio of the Earth's geometrical cross-section to its surface area as well as how much is reflected, the planetary albedo (A).

The reduction of surface reflection due to biological activity, derived from our results, was used as a proxy for a reduction in albedo in the regional climate model Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR; Fettweis et al., 2013) to project future microbially - mediated increases in GrIS melt (see Methodology, Supplementary Information).

Due to the positive feedback caused by the high albedo of snow and ice, susceptibility to falling into snowball states might be a generic feature of water - rich planets with the capacity to host life.

However, the Management and Guest Contributors at WUWT accept the basic truth that CO2, water vapor, and other «greenhouse gases» are responsible for an ~ 33ºC boost in mean Earth temperature, that CO2 levels are rising, partly due to our use of fossil fuels, that land use has changed Earth's albedo, and that this human actvity has caused additional warming.

This loss is exacerbated by the intensifying Climate Destabilization (reportedly reflecting the start of the «Albedo Loss» feedback due to the decline of Arctic sea - ice and ice caps) which is suppressing subsistence farm yields and some commercial farm yields on a random basis by the impacts of extreme droughts, storms, floods, and heat and cold waves.

This positive climate feedback is greater than expected from the additional forcing alone, due to amplification by reduced surface albedo through melting of continental snow and decreased sea - ice coverage, especially in the wintertime.

Referring to a 2004 paper examining the impact of soot on albedo, Goddard fabricates a conclusion by Hansen: «In 2004, Dr Hansen... explained that most of Arctic warming and melting is due to dirty snow from soot, not CO2.»

This implies a forcing of 3 W / m2 for albedo changes presumably due to additional ice / snow sheets.

In the NH a lot of land surrounding the arctic ocean is subject to the combination of decrease in seasonal snow cover (with climate warming), and decreasing albedo due to vegetation feedbacks.

, (3) changes in surface albedo of snow & ice due to changes in temperature and deposition of mineral and black carbon particulates, and last, but arguably most significantly (4) the intensity of the positive feedback that comes from the inevitable -LRB-?)

However, simulations using the relatively straightforward «direct effect» of aerosols (the increase in albedo of the planet due to the particle brightness) do not match the inferred changes.

Claquin et al's model - derived findings show a change in tropical atmospheric forcing of «-- 2.2 to — 3.2 W m — 2» between PI and LGM earth, due to the increased albedo of atmospheric dust.

It's the same series of an initial forcing (change in insolation due to Milankovitch orbital cycles) being amplified by reinforcing feedbacks (change in albedo, change in temperature and partial pressure regulating both CO2 and H2O), but in reverse from an exit from a glacial period.

Simple physics dictates that with less sea ice there is magnified warming of the Arctic due to powerful albedo feedback; this in turn reduces the equator to pole temperature gradient which slows the jet stream winds causing them to become more meridional; this combined with 4 % more water vapor in the atmosphere (compared to 3 decades ago) is leading to much more extremes in weather.

The details of the physics of different forcings (i.e. ozone effects due to solar, snow albedo and cloud effects due to aerosols etc.) do vary the feedbacks slightly differently though.

Venus has a much higher albedo (reflectivity) than Earth because of its thick cloud cover (and would even have a high albedo without the clouds due to Rayleigh scattering from the dense CO2 atmosphere).

Global climate models have successfully predicted the rise in temperature as greenhouse gases increased, the cooling of the stratosphere as the troposphere warmed, polar amplification due the ice - albedo effect and other effects, greater increase in nighttime than in daytime temperatures, and the magnitude and duration of the cooling from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.

Isn't there an even bigger issue that approx half of the temperature amplitude between glacial and interglacial isn't actually due to CO2 or other GHG, but to albedo changes (ice albedo feedback)?

What would then be left would be primarily the positive feedbacks due to the carbon cycle, the cryosphere «albedo» feedback, and the effects of aerosols, but the last of these is quickly becoming amenable to calculation.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

The energy flowing from the sun is intercepted by the earth with energy density described by the «solar constant «(S0 = 1366W / m2), and the amount of energy intercepted is the product between this flux density and the earth's disc (minus the reflected light due to the planet's albedo: A ~ 0.3).

The rise of CO2 from 270ppm to now over 400ppm, the extent of equatorial and sub tropical deforestation, the soot deposits on the polar ice caps, the increase in atmospheric water vapour due to a corresponding increase in ocean temps and changes in ocean currents, the extreme ice albedo currently happening in the arctic etc, etc are all conspiring in tandem to alter the climate as we know it.

This is what I get out of it: the Arctic - ice - albedo situation is more complicated than earlier thought (due to clouds, sun - filled summers, dark winters, etc), but NET EFFECT, the ice loss and all these other related factors (some negative feedbacks) act as a positive feedback and enhance global warming.

The Amazon and other rainforests drying out The Siberian bogs (the size of germany, france and the UK combined) start to release methane in accelerating annual volumes Ice Albedo decreasing Ocean conveyor (thermohaline systems to some) weakening due to freshening of the seas

... A new sea - ice albedo parameterization scheme has been developed and implemented in ECHAM5 general circulation model, and includes important components like albedo decay due to snow aging, ice thickness dependency and an explicit treatment of melt pond albedo.

(Amplification due to the albedo effect from sea ice will have its share of the pie, too.)

Global average temperature is lower during glacial periods for two primary reasons: 1) there was only about 190 ppm CO2 in the atmosphere, and other major greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) were also lower 2) the earth surface was more reflective, due to the presence of lots of ice and snow on land, and lots more sea ice than today (that is, the albedo was higher).

The mechanism by which the effect of oceanic variability over time is transferred to the atmosphere involves evaporation, conduction, convection, clouds and rainfall the significance of which has to date been almost entirely ignored due to the absence of the necessary data especially as regards the effect of cloudiness changes on global albedo and thus the amount of solar energy able to enter the oceans.

In the real world the most obvious and most common reason for an increase in the speed of energy flow through the system occurs naturally when the oceans are in warm surface mode and solar input to the oceans due to reduced global albedo is high as apparently occurred during the period 1975 to 1998.

In addition to direct MYI melt due to high - latitude warming, the impact of enhanced upper - ocean solar heating through numerous leads in decaying Arctic ice cover and consequent ice bottom melting has resulted in an accelerated rate of sea - ice retreat via a positive ice - albedo feedback mechanism.

The sum of the two effects (albedo and heat loss) I believe is greater than the GHG forcing influence mostly due to CO2, but is going to have a similar trend.

As I pointed out at the Bishop, a recent update of the Met Office model shows changes of up to 15 W / m ^ 2 due to «improvements» in albedo and emissivity.

Most of it temperature related which was driven by change in albedo due to Earth dynamics — some 25W / m2 less reflected shortwave.

When the flux is increased, the planet undergoes a decrease in surface albedo which is due to the melting of the permanent polar ice caps and the reduced seasonal snow cover.

6) The main cloud bands move more poleward to regions where solar insolation is less intense and total global albedo declines via a reduction in global cloud cover due to shorter lines of air mass mixing.

If we had snow on the ground it would be much colder because of the albedo effect, and any warming that is happening right now is due to the fact that the snowless surface is absorbing energy, where a snow covered surface would be reflecting the energy back into space.

One of the most puzzling things is that the heating between 1980 and 2000 seems to have been driven by a large increase in net received shortwave radiation due to albedo reduction, rather than by any observed reduction in outgoing longwave radiation.

16) The main cloud bands move more equatorward to regions where insolation is more intense and total global albedo increases once more due to longer lines of air mass mixing.

It is notable that this feedback is arguably the most difficult to control due to the period of several decades that would be required to restore the upper oceans» natural temperature by an Albedo Restoration program lowering the surface air temperature.

(7) A requirement that building retrofits conducted pursuant to a REEP program utilize, especially in all air - conditioned buildings, roofing materials with high solar energy reflectance, unless inappropriate due to green roof management, solar energy production, or for other reasons identified by the Administrator, in order to reduce energy consumption within the building, increase the albedo of the building's roof, and decrease the heat island effect in the area of the building, without reduction of otherwise applicable ceiling insulation standards.

This being the case, a period of higher sunspot activity would likely lead to reduced lower tropospheric cloud cover (due to reduced albedo effect) and generally higher temperatures.

«Since 1997, when Pinatubo's aerosol settled out, the stratosphere has been exceptionally clear... Half or more of the warming since 1995 may due to the lack of large volcanic eruptions... That's about 0.13 °C... The remaining climate change is presumably caused by other forces, such as solar variability, El Nino, Atlantic AMO warming in 1995, lower Albedo and maybe even a little greenhouse gas.»

This being the case, a period of higher sunspot activity would likely lead to reduced lower tropospheric cloud cover (due to reduced albedo effect) and temperatures.

Dr Curry, When considering changes in albedo due to melting, pools, etc, is there also consideration that the Sun is very low in the sky and much of the incoming Solar is reflected off water as glare?

But in reality, aluminum is the chosen primary element for SRM due to the high albedo (reflectivity) of this extremely toxic heavy metal.

«In summer, the oceanic heat anomaly is enhanced by the ice — albedo feedback, but in winter the excess oceanic heat is lost to the atmosphere due to a lack of insulating sea ‐ ice cover.

You don't think it has anything to do with far lower insolation at the poles due to small angle of incidence compounded by an albedo of 0.85?

Neither you nor your reference proves any error in my explanation that Earth would be just as hot or hotter than the present if there were no water, water vapour, clouds, vegetation, carbon dioxide or other radiating gases in it atmosphere which would thus have no albedo due to lack of clouds, and which rocky surface would have emissivity less than 0.88.