If it is successful in its primary task, it will help to deal the death blow to the status
of alcoholism as a major area of human tragedy.
The reason for this seems to be that AA itself, by its dramatic success based on the treatment
of alcoholism as an illness, has had a tremendous educational impact.
Heavy Drinking: The Myth
of Alcoholism as a Disease.
In the April 1988 issue of Alcoholism and Addiction magazine, Billy Graham questions the concept
of alcoholism as disease and suggests it is more a matter of disgrace.
Tried to promote consideration
of alcoholism as a public health problem with local council of social agencies and state council of social welfare.
To the extent that it makes it either acceptable or rewarding behavior, it has indeed encouraged the «choice»
of alcoholism as a symptom.
Sociocultural factors seem to be of first importance in determining the selection
of alcoholism as a symptom.
While all of these factors will not operate equally on every level, a combination of one or more will be found at work on each of three levels: (1) factors which make one vulnerable to alcoholism; (2) factors which determine the selection
of alcoholism as a symptom, as over against all the other types of psychopathological symptoms; and (3) factors which cause alcoholism to be self - perpetuating once it has reached a certain point.
And, given the concept
of alcoholism as a disease — thank God we don't have to argue that any more, except with random sorts — it is important to me that I do not ever again, intentionally or inadvertently, consume alcohol in any form: not martinis, not gin, not beer, not Geritol, and not even fermented communion wine.
Herbert Fingarette, in his book Heavy Drinking: The Myth
of Alcoholism as a Disease (University of California Press, 1988), does not make the particular case I do here, but I believe he would support it.
At the laying of the cornerstone for the institution on September 24, 1858, Bellows made a statement upon which those who object to the treatment
of alcoholism as a sickness could well ponder today, over one hundred years later:
Not exact matches
Superficial, distant, and less than meaningful relationships can lead to feelings
of insecurity and loneliness, which can increase your risk
of illness and death just
as much
as obesity,
alcoholism, and smoking.
Profits from Solms - Delta estate, which produces 30,000 cases
of wine annually under labels such
as Cape Jazz and Africana, allow the workers and tenants to pay for health care, school fees, and a social worker to tackle issues
of alcoholism and domestic violence.
I also know people who hold to the same beliefs regarding homosexuals
as fishon but who have gone out
of their way to educate themselves on both sides
of the debate... and even though they still think homosexuality is a sin, they don't resort to the language and comparasions that fishon does... because they know that homosexuality isn't anything comparable to pedophilia or
alcoholism.
There very simply is no evidence whatsoever that homosexuality is caused genetically, though there could be a genetic disposition (
as in some instances
of alcoholism).
Lamott, the best - selling author
of several books about spirituality, describes her specialty
as topics that «begin with capital letters:
Alcoholism, Motherhood, Jesus.»
The wife
of a recovering alcoholic said, «We didn't expect to get reconnected with a higher Power and to rejoin the human race
as a result
of Ben's
alcoholism, but that's just what happened to us in AA and Al - Anon.»
As an example
of something that is genetic and natural but which we would all say is wrong:
alcoholism (this isn't an attempt to put homosexuality with
alcoholism; it is simply an attempt to create a class
of behavior which we would all easily agree is both natural, genetic, and wrong).
Sharing information
of this kind,
alcoholism treatment in AA for people who don't believe in God, such
as myself, was something I hadn't considered.
He ought also to be familiar with some
of the basic AA pamphlets such
as «Alcoholics Anonymous in Your Community,» «Medicine Looks at Alcoholics Anonymous,» «AA, 44 Questions and Answers About the Program
of Recovery from
Alcoholism,» «Is AA for You?»
This is based on the realistic recognition that
as long
as a man stays on the Bowery his chances
of recovery from
alcoholism are very small.
If a minister is known
as a militant advocate
of prohibition and temperance, and if he treats
alcoholism in a moralistic fashion in his public pronouncements, it is likely that some alcoholics who might otherwise seek his help will give him a wide margin.
The mission conception
of the human situation — the nature
of sin, free will, and responsibility —
as it relates to
alcoholism is philosophically and psychologically inadequate.
Alcoholism has always been regarded by the Army
as involving sin, but not in the naïve sense
of being simply the personal failure
of the individual alcoholic.
The goal
of mission therapy is to eradicate homeless - ness
as well
as alcoholism.
If a minister is fortunate enough to live in one
of the eighty - two communities (in thirty - two states) in which there is a local Council on
Alcoholism, he should support its work
as well
as encourage his parishioners to do so.
If it is true,
as it seems to be, that one underlying cause
of much
alcoholism is intra-psychic conflict, then psychotherapy should be a useful approach.
Bases
of the Social Concept
of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church's official document outlining its position on social issues, calls grave social ills, such
as alcoholism and drug addiction, «a retribution for the ideology
of consumerism, for the cult
of material prosperity, for the lack
of spirituality, and the loss
of authentic ideals.»
The naïve moralism in this area can be maintained only by ignoring the facts that inebriety is
as much a symptom
as a cause
of the disturbed interpersonal life
of the alcoholic, that
alcoholism is a complex disease involving physical, cultural, and socio - psychological
as well
as moral factors, and that homelessness is in itself a complex phenomenon, not the simple product
of excessive drinking.
Alcoholism in the Catholic Church is known, perhaps facetiously,
as the «curse
of clergy.»
A more systematic examination
of the problem
of responsibility in the light
of depth psychology
as it is related to
alcoholism is now in order.
Conceptions
of alcoholism within the Army range from the moralism
of the mission type to an attitude
of enlightenment which regards
alcoholism as a sickness.
They recognize that AA, for instance, is tailor - made to meet the stresses and strains
of alcoholism, and they accept the fact that
alcoholism,
as Harry Emerson Fosdick has put it, is like a stained - glass window in that it can best be seen and understood from the inside.
Chapter 4, dealing with the Emmanuel Movement, is
of special interest to those who are concerned,
as many clergymen are, with helping to develop a closer relationship between religion and psychotherapy, both in general and in the treatment
of alcoholism.
In
alcoholism in its early stages they find release
of their faculties, the dissociation
of their fears and inhibitions,
as so many have said, «A short cut to the ideal.»
In the case
of difficulties such
as alcoholism it is simply more obvious.
This is the first
of three nonjudgmental conceptions
of sin
as applied to
alcoholism.
In a sense, constructive confrontation
of the pleasurable aspect
of the sickness
of alcoholism can be a growth experience for the minister
as a counselor.
Such a statement could well be taken
as a guide in one's reinterpretation
of the ethical problem in
alcoholism.
For example, churches may participate in interracial dialogue programs, preschool education programs such
as Head Start, nursery school programs for children
of working mothers,
alcoholism education programs, sex education programs, open housing programs, health and education programs for migrant workers.
We learned he witnessed Jack's
alcoholism as a teenager and saw the destruction
of his hero.
I setup a life in which I could manage my
alcoholism and surrounded myself with a «community»
of other alcoholics
as a support group.
In the long run, however, science and medicine will properly be in charge
of much
of this work, and ministry will have to be conducted through staff cooperation just
as in relation to physical and mental illness,
alcoholism, and other health problems.
But neither do we have the reign
of God for the redemption
of society when Christians are unconcerned about the plight
of their fellow men, or when such giant evils
as war, race discrimination,
alcoholism, economic injustice, hunger and homelessness, and the shattering
of family life go unchallenged.
My ministry
as pastor and
as staff member
of an
alcoholism treatment hospital brings me into close counseling contact with, well over a thousand alcoholics every year.
A United Church
of Christ minister confided that he uses grape juice in his cup while the congregation receives fermented wine — a deception he feels he can not share with his official board or parishioners, but a necessary one following hospital treatment for
alcoholism (his absence was reported
as a hunting trip in Canada).
He would sing honestly
of his prison to
alcoholism as a result
of his broken relationships: «If Drinking Don't Kill Me, Her Memory Will.»
Centers already involving clergymen are
as widespread
as Fort Logan Mental Health Center in Denver, Colorado, where ministers serve
as therapists in the Division
of Alcoholism, and the Oaklawn Psychiatric Center, Elkhart, Indiana, and San Mateo County Mental Health Center in the San Francisco area which employ pastoral counselors.
«
Alcoholism» has been treated just
as effectively by deciding not to drink,
as by any other means short
of pharmaceutical treatment.
A renowned psychiatrist, who served
as a nonalcoholic trustee
of the A.A. General Service Board, made the following statement: «Singleness
of purpose is essential to the effective treatment
of alcoholism.