Via: http://energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/production Using captured CO2 to enhance the growth
of algae biofuels (like in the above reactors at Arizona State University) would get a $ 35 / t tax credit under the Heitkamp - Whitehouse CCUS proposal in the Senate.
The National Academy of Sciences» report on the sustainability
of algae biofuels highlights concerns that have already been resolved, industry heads said yesterday.
If 60 million acres of land, approximately the area of Oregon, were given over to algae cultivation, «we could reasonably produce 300 billion gallons
of algae biofuels per year.»
The research could lead to the technical ability to make 10,000 barrels
of algae biofuel a day by 2025, the companies...
«We've only begun to tap the science
of algae biofuel,» Weeks says.
To produce 1 liter
of algae biofuel, manufacturers must use 3.15 to 3,650 liters of water — or up to 123 billion liters for 39 billion liters of algal fuel.
When eventually built out it will produce 100 barrels
of algae biofuel a day, and currently the five - year - old startup is making algae fuel on ponds across about 100 acres.
Not exact matches
The Energy Department focuses on the next generation
of energy technologies — from advanced nuclear reactors to
algae biofuels — conducting basic research in its network
of 17 national laboratories, and aiding private companies struggling to bring risky new technologies to market.
I mean, you had young people who were converting
algae into sustainable
biofuels — that was one
of my favorites, because the young lady, she kept the
algae under her bed.»
In order to obtain such a third - generation
biofuel from
algae, polysaccharides like cellulose, which are main components
of cell walls, have to be dissolved.
As Boeing's Daggett says: «There are still a lot
of hurdles to overcome, but 10 to 20 years is a reasonable time frame for production
of biofuels from
algae.»
«We estimate that this
biofuel would cost the airline industry $ 5.31 / gallon, which is less than most
of the reported prices
of renewable jet fuel produced from other oil crops or
algae,» said Deepak Kumar, a postdoctoral researcher at Illinois, who led the analysis.
Algae production consumes more energy, has higher greenhouse gas emissions and uses more water than other biofuel sources, like corn, switch grass and canola, Clarens and his colleagues found by using a statistical model to compare growth data of algae with conventional c
Algae production consumes more energy, has higher greenhouse gas emissions and uses more water than other
biofuel sources, like corn, switch grass and canola, Clarens and his colleagues found by using a statistical model to compare growth data
of algae with conventional c
algae with conventional crops.
Corn and sugarcane are well - established sources
of biofuel, but
algae are more efficient than either — more efficient even than much - touted switchgrass.
Next Steps
Algae biofuels should benefit from recent changes to the Renewable Fuel Standard, a set
of regulations that require gasoline in the United States be blended with a certain amount
of renewable fuel.
And unlike the corn used to produce ethanol in the United States,
algae do not compete with food for farmland, one
of the biggest problems with current
biofuels.
For example, scientists with the Scripps Institution
of Oceanography figured out how to curb an enzyme that breaks down the lipids in
algae that are crucial for making
biofuel.
Stephen Mayfield
of the University
of California, San Diego has genetically engineered
algae to make
biofuels.
Fuel from
algae is being sold in California, a first step toward a future
of advanced
biofuels.
Advances in
algae - based
biofuel technology may restore some
of their optimism
Using
algae to produce
biofuels requires growing conditions where the
algae produce high levels
of lipids.
«
Algae may be a potential source
of biofuels and biochemicals even in cool climate.»
The components
of algae are suitable not only for producing
biofuels but also pigments, cosmetics components or hydrogels.
Additionally, the techno - economic challenges and environmental impacts
of algae - to - fuel strategies need to be properly assessed (comprehensive impact assessments are lacking) before implementing systems integration strategies leading to the deployment
of the algal
biofuels industry.
One
of the major problems with
biofuels that
algae could solve is space, since
algae can yield as much as 100 times more fuel per unit area than other so - called «second generation»
biofuel crops (e.g. non-food crops or non-food waste parts
of food crops).
«Such information is
of great importance for the development
of superior strains
of algae for
biofuel production,» Gonçalves said.
Washington State University researchers have developed a way to grow
algae more efficiently — in days instead
of weeks — and make the
algae more viable for several industries, including
biofuels.
Algae is a desirable
biofuel source because it doesn't compete with other plants that serve as sources
of food.
Dear EarthTalk: How far along are we at developing
algae - based and other higher yield sources
of biofuels?
Even in a cool climate as in Finland,
algae might be used to produce biochemicals and
biofuels, besides use in capture
of industrial carbon dioxide emissions.
The review presents the current status
of technology options for the potential exploitation
of algae as feed stocks for the production
of biofuels.
The aviation industry in particular is interested in the potential
of algae - based
biofuels.
This signaling pathway could be used to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency
of plants subject to water and nutrient deficiencies, with potential applications in agriculture and reactor - based crop development for green chemistry and
algae - based
biofuel solutions.
Mother ship Eve's jet engines will run on kerosene initially but are also capable
of running on butanol, a
biofuel that can be made from
algae.
Sara figured out how to boost
algae oil levels, a trait that could make the photosynthetic organisms more attractive as a source
of biofuels.
But rather than searching for ways to stretch the oil we still have — like a modern Hanukkah — it makes more sense to accelerate development
of clean alternatives such as electric cars or
biofuels from
algae — and avoid dirty ones like turning coal or tar sands to liquid fuels.
Lower on NAS's list
of potential concerns were the consequences
of accidentally releasing genetically modified
algae into the environment and the effects
of converting rangeland or pastureland to
biofuel - making ponds.
NAS found
algae biofuels would need up to 15 million metric tons
of nitrogen and up to 2 million metric tons
of phosphorus, unless the elements are recycled or included in byproducts.
Water is a major concern, as is the use
of nitrogen fertilizers to stimulate growth
of cyanobacteria and microalgae — two microorganisms typically lumped together as
algae biofuels.
Historically, commercial companies have outspent universities and the federal government at least 10 - to - 1 in research
of algae fuels, an inverse pattern compared with investment for other forms
of biofuels.
Last month, Sapphire Energy, an
algae biofuel company that participated in the Continental test flight, said it would be producing 1 million gallons
of diesel and jet fuel a year by 2011 (Greenwire, April 28).
Boeing was involved in all four flights, including a Virgin Atlantic flight using a coconut - and babassu - derived
biofuel blend; an Air New Zealand flight using a jatropha - derived
biofuel blend; a Continental Airlines flight using a blend
of algae - and jatropha - derived
biofuel; and a Japan Airlines flight using an
algae -, jatropha - and camelina - derived
biofuel blend.
Given the EU cap
of 7 % on the final consumption
of biofuels produced from agricultural crops, there is increased interest in advanced
biofuels produced from non-food materials, including
algae.
After constructing the first synthetic bacterial cell and the first minimal bacterial cell, JCVI scientists are using the groundbreaking techniques used in these milestones to construct synthetic flu vaccines, develop unique new sources
of insulin, and more efficient means to produce
algae - based
biofuels.
Researchers at Michigan State University have built a molecular Swiss Army knife that streamlines the molecular machinery
of cyanobacteria, also known as blue - green
algae, making
biofuels and other green chemical production from these organisms more viable.
Future technologies that need R&D: high - efficiency photovoltaics (say, 50 % conversion)(as well as lowering the cost
of PV), energy storage systems for intermittent sources like solar and wind (hydrogen storage, other methods), advances in
biofuel technology (for example, hydrogen production from
algae, cellulosic ethanol, etc..)
While a few other groups have tested similar processes to create
biofuel from wet
algae, most
of that work is done one batch at a time.
Plant biologists have sequenced the genome
of a particularly promising species
of green
alga, providing a blueprint for new discoveries in producing sustainable
biofuels, antioxidants, and other valuable bioproducts.
Scientists have sequenced the genome
of a green
alga that has drawn commercial interest as a strong producer
of quality lipids for
biofuel production.
The researchers targeted Chromochloris zofingiensis, a single - celled green
alga that has drawn commercial interest as one
of the highest producers
of the best lipids for
biofuel production.