Sentences with phrase «of alleles observed»

Genetic recombination is the transmission - genetic process by which the combinations of alleles observed at different loci in two parental individuals become shuffled in offspring individuals.

Not exact matches

A similar pattern has been observed in humans, where alleles associated with lactase persistence in Europe did not rise to significant frequencies until at least the Bronze Age, that is, 3,000 years after the introduction of pastoral livestock35.

We further found that in about 15 % of patients with FLT3 - ITD mutations, loss of the wt - FLT3 allele can be observed, and these patients have a particularly poor outcome, with a median disease free survival between 4 and 6 months.

Thus, we can't directly observe expression of only the maternally or paternally inherited allele in a given gene.

In contrast, the short - distance, performance - enhancing allele for the «speed gene,» MSTN, (39) was not observed in either of the predomesticated horses.

To investigate whether or not somatic coding mutations contributed to the different antigenicity observed between clones, the authors undertook an in silico analysis of predicted MHC class I binding affinity for each allele of missense mutations.

For each polymorphic site observed in a given horse sample, we defined the ancestral state using the donkey sequence data and computed a measure of genetic load as the product of the GERP score at each site and the number of derived alleles carried by this individual at this site, averaged across sites for each individual.

E, Diagram of BRCA2 reversion mutation alleles observed in patient 2.

Yet each one tells a different story: (a), how novel - to - dbSNP variants were rare; (b), how nonsynonymous variant frequencies are shifted to lower values relative to those of synonymous variants, (c), how this shift in allele frequencies is more pronounced for damaging nsSNPs, consistent with natural selection, and (d), how the sizes of observed indels are enriched for non-frameshift events divisible by 3.

To give rise to the data observed in the present, the lineages of the derived alleles must coalesce among each other before they coalesce to any non-derived lineage.

When participants were stratified by CYP1A2 genotype, the increased risk of MI associated with coffee intake was observed only among carriers of the slow * 1F allele (P =.04 for gene × coffee interaction).

It has been suggested that the positive associations reported in case - control studies may have resulted from recall bias or confounding by factors such as smoking.19, 34 However, because we observed an association between coffee and risk of MI among carriers of the * 1F allele, and not among those homozygous for the * 1A allele, the associations between coffee and MI are unlikely due to recall bias or residual confounding.

All Italian Greyhounds that were homozygous for the IG - PRA1 risk allele were diagnosed with PRA and two copies of the risk allele were never observed in any Italian Greyhounds with normal eye exams (at the risk age or older).

The rare extra-long allele was observed only in two subjects, and in characterizing the genotype of these two subjects, the extra-long allele was classified as long.