Sentences with phrase «of alleles produce»

Those individuals with the fittest combination of alleles produce more offspring.

Not exact matches

«If there's a high fitness cost to the glyphosate resistance allele, most of the surviving plants will be small or will flower late and they won't produce many seeds.

«As it has only one set of chromosomes, it is very easy to find interesting mutants as all you have to do is to alter a single allele to produce a phenotype,» explains Oscar Fernández - Capetillo, head of the Genomic Instability Group and the leader of the research project.

In 15 of the brain samples, researchers found that one copy of DRD2 was producing at least 50 percent more mRNA than the other one; in the remaining brains, they discovered that both alleles produced equal amounts.

A rare, but synonymous, codon in alleles of a drug - resistance gene can change translation kinetics and so produce a conformationally distinct protein species.

The research also demonstrated how these non-random outcomes can be harnessed to produce a desired effect, such as a gene knockout or the reading frame restoration of a disease - causing allele.

This change would extend translation of the BALB / cBy mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa, vs 95 kDa for the C57BL / 6J allele).

We used ∼ 9-fold whole - genome Sanger shotgun coverage to produce a ∼ 167 - megabase - pair assembly that typically represents each locus once rather than splitting alleles (Supplementary Notes 2 and 3) and captures ∼ 97 % of the protein - coding gene content (Supplementary Note 2.5).

(J) A combination of other psq alleles besides psqrum also produces embryos showing terminal defects in addition to a lack of most abdominal segments.

However, unlike the parent strains, F1 hybrids do not breed true: the F2 offspring produced by mating F1 mice all have a unique random mixture of alleles from both parental strains.

All deletion alleles eliminated the pathogenic p.K1872X mutation and restored the open reading frame of BRCA2, producing predicted proteins of residue length 3,409 to 3,212 compared with the 3,418 amino acid full - length BRCA2 protein.

Any combination of somatic insertions or deletions (indels) in the p.R259fs allele that restored the reading frame before the stop - gain at residue 274, and did not produce a new stop - gain, would produce an almost full - length BRCA2 protein.

Allele - specific expression of the MAOA gene and X chromosome inactivation in in vitro produced bovine embryos

This mutation is recessive so two copies of the mutated gene (or «d» allele) are needed to produce the dilute coat color.

«E», normal extension of black, allows the A-series alleles to show through, and «e», recessive red / yellow, overrides whatever gene is present at the A locus to produce a dog which shows only phaeomelanin pigment in the coat.

To further make their case, the LRC notes that the first Labrador retriever breeder who started regularly producing the silver colored variations was also a breeder of purebred Weimaraners, a breed in which the dd gene expression is always present and parents can ONLY pass down a d allele.

The traditional color, produced when one or both genes have the dominant allele, is commonly referred to as black or black and rust (also called black and tan), while the most common variation, due to both genes having the recessive allele, produces what is called a red or red and rust Doberman in America and a «brown» Doberman in the rest of the world, which is primarily deep reddish - brown with rust markings.

In addition, two copies of the M allele large enough to produce the merle coat color are thought to cause the death of skin melanocytes, retinal pigment cells, and melanocytes of the inner ear which can result in significant white areas of the coat, eye abnormalities and deafness.

To avoid producing «double merle» (M / M) puppies, dogs with a copy of M (particularly those with M alleles near the size which is likely to produce the classic merle coat color / pattern) should only be bred to dogs that do not have a copy of the M allele.

Specific sizes of the M Allele have been associated with the potential to produce «classic» merle patterning or other M - associated coat color variations.

Eventually it would be possible to mate two animals that are both heterozygous for the desired allele and produce homozygous progeny, with very little change in genetic composition (B) After five generations of backcrossing to the desired breed, the proportion of the genotype contributed by this breed is 96.9 %, while by ten generations it is 99.9 %.

The sire of this dog was one of the animals that had produced RD affected puppies, and was inferred as having at least one copy of mutant allele 1 based on examination of the remainder of the littermates of the carrier dog that was identified.

To produce brindle offspring, dogs must have, in their pair of E-locus alleles, at least one copy of ebr.

The C locus affects the depth of yellow - red coat pigment, not its presence or absence (though two ch «chinchilla» alleles might produce near - white dogs in some breeds).

In order to say that dogs are capable of producing a solid - color coat, they either must have at least one copy of As (they are black dogs), or they have a pair of ay alleles at that locus (solid, but red - yellow), or they do have an As but not an E to express it (they only possess ee and thus are also solid reds).

Having the right alleles (different versions of a given gene, as when the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor produces 30 percent fewer receptors than the more common A2 allele) available somewhere in the population can make one species do better than another when the climate perturbs things.

A considerable genetic heterogeneity is expected within and among studies, as different combinations of the various alleles of the multiple genes and epistatic gene interactions may produce similar phenotypes.

Individuals carrying the S allele of the 5 - HTTLPR produce significantly less 5 - HTT mRNA and protein, resulting in higher concentrations of serotonin in the synaptic cleft relative to individuals carrying the L allele (Lesch et al. 1996).