Sentences with phrase «of alpha cell»

«We still do not fully know why individuals with T1D are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia, partly because our understanding of alpha cell function is quite limited,» said Dr. Alvin C. Powers, Chief of the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.

Oregon Health and Science University, «Determine the role of alpha cell heterogeneity in T1D,» led by Dr. Markus Grompe

In contrast to the conversion of alpha cells, which only concerns a small fraction of the alpha cell population, the new mechanism involving delta cell fate change is a more efficient way of offsetting the loss of beta cells and thus diabetes recovery.

The process of alpha cells converting to beta cells does not appear to have any age limitations — it occurred in young and old individuals — including some that had type 1 diabetes for decades.

Not exact matches

A 2005 study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that almond consumption helped meet the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 15 mg / day alpha - tocopherol and improved red blood cell concentration.

The research team also found that the action of a gene, ATG16L1, kept TNF alpha - driven inflammation from triggering the self - destruction of too many Paneth cells, by an explosive process called necroptosis.

In experiments with mice, the researchers found that Paneth cells engineered to lack a functional ATG16L1 gene were five times more likely to die in the face of rising TNF - alpha signals than normal cells.

TNF alpha expands the rush of immune cells to the site of an infection, where they seek to destroy foreign invaders like bacteria.

But Edwards was never convinced that T - cells were the alpha and omega of immunity.

Published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine online Oct. 31, the new study found that infliximab prevents TNF alpha from speeding the death of Paneth cells, which protect the gut from microbes.

«Our study results are the first to argue that we may be able to treat inflammatory bowel disease and protect against transplant rejection not only by blocking TNF alpha as is done currently, but also by stimulating ATG16L1 to prevent early death of cells lining the gut,» says study senior investigator Ken Cadwell, PhD, an associate professor at NYU School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health's Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine.

The team tested whether overexpression of PGC1 - alpha could protect cultures of rat brain cells from the pesticide rotenone, which inhibits complex I of the electron transport chain in neuronal mitochondria and produces many symptoms similar to those of Parkinson's.

The data showed that when the cell phone was transmitting, the power of a characteristic brain - wave pattern called alpha waves in the person's brain was boosted significantly.

In addition, RNA that hybridizes with probes made from the clone is detected in wild - type S49 cells; however, cyc - S49 cells, which are deficient in Gs alpha activity, are devoid of this messenger RNA.

«Several major advances in recent years have been good news for multiple myeloma patients, but those new drugs only target terminally differentiated cancer cells and thus can only reduce the bulk of the tumor,» said Jamieson, who is also deputy director of the Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center, director of the CIRM Alpha Stem Cell Clinic at UC San Diego and director of stem cell research at Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego HeaCell Clinical Center, director of the CIRM Alpha Stem Cell Clinic at UC San Diego and director of stem cell research at Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego HeaCell Clinic at UC San Diego and director of stem cell research at Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Heacell research at Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health.

Yet while alpha cells can reprogram into insulin production also in old mice, the ability of delta cells to do so is limited and does not extend beyond puberty.

Four years ago, the research team of Pedro Herrera (University of Geneva) first cast doubt on this assumption when they demonstrated that a few alpha cells in the pancreas of genetically modified diabetic mice changed into beta cells.

Whether in a yeast cell or in a neuron, alpha synuclein directly interfered with the rate of production of proteins in the cell, and the transport of proteins between cellular compartments.

To start, they created two ways to systematically map the footprint of alpha - synuclein within living cells.

So alpha - lac may induce apoptosis by directly causing the destruction of DNA from within the cell's nucleus, or it may instigate the suicide - generating caspace cascade through the mitochondria.

Sruti: So, the p value for, without any devices versus, like, with the cell phone was 0.056 x (10)-6 which is extremely lower than the alpha value of 0.05.

«These findings underscore the significance of Gcn5 - regulated gene expression coupled with the metabolic enzyme alpha - KGDH in tumor cell proliferation and formation.»

«We demonstrated that alpha - KGDH interacts with Gcn5 in the cell nucleus and found that tumor cell proliferation and tumor growth were inhibited when alpha - KGDH was blocked from entering the cell nucleus or by disruption of Gcn5's binding to succinyl - coenzyme A,» said Lu.

These results confirmed the sensitivity to estrogen of pancreatic alpha cells, which then secrete less hyperglycemic glucagon, but more GLP1.

ADGRE2 is composed of two subunits — a beta subunit located within the cell's outer membrane, and an alpha subunit located on the outside surface of the cell.

Their study, which appears as a letter in the Sept. 8 edition of Nature Medicine, expands on work published in April showing that a combination of ribavirin and interferon - alpha 2b stops MERS - CoV from replicating in cell culture.

A radio - labeled human antibody binds to the viral gp41 protein expressed on the surface of the HIV - infected human lymphocyte and the cell is killed by alpha radiation delivered by the antibody.

«Activation of these cell receptors appear to prevent brain cells from cleaning out the trash — the toxic buildup of proteins, such as alpha - synuclein, tau and amyloid, common in neurodegenerative diseases,» says the study's senior author, neurologist Charbel Moussa, MBBS, PhD, director of Georgetown's Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, and scientific and clinical research director of the GUMC Translational Neurotherapeutics Program.

Targeted Alpha Therapy of prostate cancer uses PSMA - 617, an anti-PSMA (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen) peptide that specifically binds to prostate cancer cells, but not to normal, healthy cells.

• The most damaging radiation are gamma rays and x-rays; energetic alpha rays (streams of helium nuclei) and beta rays (electrons) can also damage cells.

In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a vaccination targeting tumors that produced IL - 15 and its cell surface receptor called IL - 15R - alpha -LRB--RRB- and examined their ability to up - regulate (or increase) immune responses to tumor antigens,» Morris says.

In the first, principal investigator Glass and colleagues investigated a pair of related transcriptional repressors called Rev - Erb - alpha and Rev - Erb - beta (proteins with important roles in regulating the circadian rhythm in many cell types) in mouse macrophages.

People whose cells make too much alpha - synuclein or make a mutated form of the protein are at high risk of developing PD because of the protein's toxicity, researchers found.

Partial activation of the yeast pheromone response pathway by beta - adrenergic receptor agonists was achieved in cells coexpressing h beta - AR and a mammalian G protein (Gs) alpha subunit - demonstrating that these components can couple to each other and to downstream effectors when expressed in yeast.

Scientists from the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw have recently discovered that the alpha and beta cells communicate with each other, and the central role in this communication is played by cannabinoids — organic compounds that occur in nature also in inflorescences of cannabis.

«Under no circumstances should it be concluded from our work that consumption of marijuana can be a way to cure diabetes,» Prof. Dobrzyn warns and explains: «The concentration of glucose in the blood is determined by the balance between the activities of alpha and beta cells of the pancreas and insulin target tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

Depending on the concentration of cannabinoids and the activity of two different receptors, the islets became larger or smaller, while the alpha cells, usually located outside the islets, were able to migrate inside,» explains Dr. Katarzyna Malenczyk fom the Nencki Institute, the first author of the publication.

By comparing the gene expression patterns of normal beta cells and insulin - producing cells derived from alpha cells, the researchers confirmed nearly complete cellular reprogramming.

The pathological hallmark of this disease is the accumulation of alpha - synuclein, which in turn leads to cell death and consequently to problems in neurotransmission.

They also show increased expression of the estrogen receptor alpha [ER +] gene that drives cell division,» says Koshy.

Alpha - synuclein is the primary structural component of Lewy bodies, which are clumps of protein that develop inside nerve cells in Parkinson's disease and some other disorders.

Functional expression of the cDNAs in cultured mammalian cells generated receptors displaying alpha - amino -3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)- selective binding pharmacology (AMPA = quisqualate greater than glutamate greater than kainate) as well as cation channels gated by glutamate, AMPA, and kainate and blocked by 6,7 - dinitroquinoxaline -2,3-dione (CNQX).

Inside these cells is a protein called alpha - synuclein, which is known to go awry and lead to damaging clumps in the brains of Parkinson's patients, as well as those with Alzheimer's disease.

In the process they induce inflammation; the cells also secrete other inflammatory chemicals, like interleukin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - alpha, which are known to adhere to the endothelium of the blood vessels, an early event in atherosclerosis.

«We found that these corrected cells had a normal secretion kinetic when compared with their diseased, parental cells that are otherwise genetically identical except for this single DNA base,» explained lead author Andrew A. Wilson, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Director of the Alpha - 1 Center at Bu and BMC.

The patients without diabetes produced autoantibodies that completely impaired the activity of a subtype of interferon known as interferon - alpha, which is produced by the immune cells and may cause inflammation.

Holmes also found that HSPGs are essential for the cell - to - cell spread of corrupted forms of alpha - synuclein, a protein linked to Parkinson's disease.

Inflammation is a known feature of heart failure, and it is associated with high levels of inflammatory proteins called cytokines — including one called tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNF - a — that ramp up immune cell responses.

In another set of experiments, the researchers found that fetal dendritic cells could block the production of TNF - alpha by adult T cells as well.

This causes the body's white blood cells to release type 1 interferon - alpha, a small cytokine protein that acts as a systemic alarm, triggering a cascade of additional immune activity as it binds with receptors in different tissues.