In addition to the use of plastics and state - of - the - art composites, the increased use
of aluminium components in the engine and suspension systems has also further whittled down the weight of the relevant assemblies.
The light weight, low fuel consumption, low emissions and large interior volume were made possible with selected use
of aluminium components, diesel engine and improved design.
Not exact matches
The shuttle is comprised
of three
components: the orbiter (the aeroplane - like crew - and cargo - carrying craft that most people think
of as the shuttle); a large external tank (ET) that holds the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen fuel; and two solid rocket boosters (SRBs) packed with powdered
aluminium and rubber fuel.
This is a major challenge for BASF, which requires regular supplies
of nickel, cobalt, manganese,
aluminium and lithium for its battery
components.
All the body panels are made from carbon fibre, the vast majority
of its metal
components are made from
aluminium.
As well as improved software,
aluminium components in the uprights and double wishbones have been reengineered and lightened, saving 16 kg
of unsprung mass.
There's a host
of technology said to improve the driving experience, too; steering knuckles and various axle
components are constructed from
aluminium, reducing unsprung masses, and there's a speed - sensitive power steering system designed to boost both high - speed stability and agility, as well as make parking easier.
As per the owners specification, the 760RS was finished with a plethora
of carbon
components, with most
aluminium components being finished in anodized black
aluminium.
To further alleviate the stress
of driving in Central London, I took the mini-sportster to Prestige Audio in Rickmansworth to replace the puny Smart CD - radio with an Alpine - based set - up complete with Xine
aluminium component speakers, Genesis five - channel amp and a custom Focal sub-box.
It has stiffened up the front - end with a combination
of forged
aluminium suspension
components and a thin carbon - fibre strut brace that looks like a giant boomerang, all accommodating M's first electronic power steering system.
These solid running boards are made
of lightweight
aluminium material that gives the
component a protective and stylish accent trim.
The axle
components are for the most part made
of aluminium, which keeps the vehicle weight and unsprung masses low.
Under the skin, the Giulia utilises a significant amount
of lightweight
components, including a carbon fibre propeller shaft, bonnet, roof and seat structure,
aluminium suspension, doors and wings, a rear crossmember made from
aluminium composite and plastic, as well as carbon ceramic brake discs.
The occupant cell contains many
components of ultra-high-strength and hot - shaped steels, and the bonnet is made
of aluminium.
Although the V12 engine weighs 100 kg more than the standard car's engine, intelligent use
of lightweight materials and
components including carbon ceramic brakes, lighter forged
aluminium wheels, lightweight inner rear quarter panels and optional lightweight seats have resulted in the overall kerb weight being only 50 kg heavier than its V8 sibling.
STARTECH, the Jaguar Land Rover conversion arm
of Germany's famed Mercedes - Benz tuner Brabus, says the conversion includes at least 100 new
aluminium, carbon - fibre and steel
components.
The IONIQ Hybrid and Plug - in feature a multi-link rear suspension system with dual lower arm for enhanced ride comfort while a proportionately large use
of aluminium for front and rear suspension
components saves around 10 kg
of weight compared to conventional means.
In the interior, specific standard features include height - adjustable sport seats, an asymmetrically split rear bench and backrest, pockets on the backs
of the front seats and sliding drawers under them, leather - trimmed steering wheel, centre armrest in front (with storage compartment), pedal caps in
aluminium look and chrome on various switches and
components.
BMW has also stiffened up the front - end with a combination
of forged
aluminium suspension
components and a thin, giant boomerang - shaped carbon - fibre strut brace, all accommodating M's first electric power steering system.
Most
of the bodyshell
components are made
of die - cast
aluminium and sheet steel.
To the front, an innovative, double - axis strut set - up with numerous
aluminium components is not only 7.5 kg lighter than a comparable MacPherson strut system, but also, through entirely divorcing the steering axis from the damping system, completely removes any hint
of torque steer.
A total
of seven manual processes are necessary — from grinding to polishing — to transform the
components, which are milled completely from
aluminium, into their final decorative form.
Many
components of the five - link front suspension and the self - tracking trapezoidal - link rear suspension are made
of aluminium.
At the rear, all control arms and wheel carriers on the five - link axle are
of forged
aluminium, which reduces the unsprung mass
of the wheel - locating
components by around three kilograms compared with a conventional design.
All the control arms and wheel carriers
of the new BMW M2's five - link rear axle are made from forged
aluminium, which reduces the unsprung masses
of the wheel - locating
components by around three kilograms compared to a steel construction.
Changes to the Continental GT for 2008 include a 35 kg (77 lb) reduction in kerb weight due primarily to optimisation
of suspension and cooling system
components and an increased use
of aluminium parts in the suspension.
A notable feature
of the drive train design was its use
of standard, mass produced
components in combination with a minimal number
of specialized
aluminium castings to create a power unit and transmission suitable for a high performance sports car:
[9] The Vantage is also the first Aston Martin production car to feature an electronically controlled differential with torque vectoring, and is built around the same all - new bonded -
aluminium platform as the DB11, although around 70 %
of its
components are said to be unique to the Vantage.
In keeping with the lightweight - design concept at the heart
of the new E-Class, wheel location
components such as struts, hub carriers and the metal sections
of the elastomer bearings are largely made
of aluminium.
These include the increased use
of lightweight materials such as carbon - fibre - reinforced plastic (CFRP) and
aluminium for a number
of chassis and body
components.
Large air intakes and Air Curtains at the front end, exposed carbon - fibre - reinforced plastic (CFRP) and
aluminium body
components, and the diffuser at the muscular rear end are not merely design flourishes; they also fulfil functional roles in terms
of aerodynamics, cooling and weight saving.
Weighing only 1.5 kilograms, the strut brace offers superior rigidity to a comparable
aluminium component, and at the same time plays a key part in the excellent steering response and precision
of both vehicles.
The VH underframe consists
of pressed, extruded and cast
aluminium components, bonded together to create an immensely strong underlying structure.
Its body is a mix
of lightweight and advanced steels, carbonfibre and diecast
aluminium for the key structural
components.
These tyres bolt to an entire system
of forged
aluminium components, including double wishbones, hub carriers and steering knuckles.
Based on the latest G30 generation 5 - series, the new 2018 M5 is lighter than the car it replaces, thanks to plenty
of aluminium in its construction, and some composite
components.
Intelligent lightweight construction, finally, is ensured by features such as the doors, engine compartment lid, front side panels and suspension
components made
of aluminium.
With
aluminium components comprising roughly 20 percent
of the body, Audi — the global pioneer in lightweight construction — has raised the bar once again.
Weighing only 1.5 kgs it offers superior rigidity to a comparable
aluminium component, and at the same time plays a key part in the excellent steering response and precision
of both vehicles.
It is, however, 25 kg lighter than the normal R8 Spyder thanks to the usage
of more lightweight materials, such as carbon - fibre reinforced plastics and
aluminium components.
All the control arms and wheel carriers are manufactured using forged
aluminium, which reduces the unsprung masses
of the wheel - locating
components by around 3kgs compared with the previous model generation.
More than 20 percent
of the body is made
of aluminium, with numerous
aluminium components and high - tech steels reduce its weight by some 30 kilograms compared with the previous model, making it the backbone
of a systematic lightweight design concept.
Weight savings also come from its inner - CFRP and outer -
aluminium doors (50 % lighter than conventional doors), high structural rigidity allowing a reduced number
of components (10 % weight saving) and the use
of foam plastic technology in the air - con ducts (60 % weight saving, also improves acoustics by absorbing noise).
The proportion
of chassis
components using
aluminium significantly increased for the E39, [7] in order to reduce weight.
The body
of the 2019 A8 consists
of 58 percent
aluminium parts paired with hot form - steel and ultra-high strength carbon fibre reinforced polymer
components, creating a dramatically stronger body in white over the outgoing model.
An intelligent lightweight construction is obtained through doors, bonnet, front side panels, drivetrain and suspension
components made
of aluminium.
All
of the key suspension
components are made
of aluminium, thus reducing the unsprung masses.
The suspension
components, including the front end's double - pivot MacPherson strut and the rear end's five - link independent system, are almost made entirely
of aluminium.
Suspension
components, chiefly constructed
of aluminium, consist
of a double wishbone arrangement at the front (the split functionality
of the pair meaning steering and suspension forces are dealt with separately) and integral rear axle assembly.
The next generation iPad is expected to be thinner and lighter than its predecessor, but to get an idea
of that, we'll have to look at a fully assembled unit complete with a display, internal
components and the rear
aluminium housing.