Latest findings support the theory that teeth in the animal kingdom evolved from the jagged scales
of ancient fish, the remnants of which can be seen today embedded in the skin of sharks and skate.
No longer is this extremely rare order
of ancient fish crowned the slowest evolving vertebrate animal in the world.
Well - preserved fossils
of an ancient fish called Psaroepis romeri reveal that this 20 - centimeter - long minipredator, which prowled the seas between 410 million and 415 million years ago, had enamel in its scales and its skull — but not its teeth, according to a paper by Ahlberg and colleagues in the 24 September issue of Nature.
But the scales and skull bones
of this ancient fish included some enamel.
But new analyses of fish fossils, as well as genetic analyses of a living fish species, suggest that this specialized material once served a very different function: to toughen some bones and scales
of ancient fish.
Not exact matches
It turns out that these long - lived
fishes, who are our
ancient evolutionary cousins, share the core
of an adaptive immune system with human beings.
It used to be thought that
ancient Greek zoologists had estimated the number
of types
of fish to be 153, 50 that the number was said to symbolize a perfect and a complete catch.
It is thus one
of the supremely important books, not only
of the Old Testament but
of all
ancient literature, and its common caricature, as the narrative
of a
fish literally swallowing a man and disgorging him alive after three days, is one
of the most regrettable absurdities in the Western world's long mistreatment
of the Bible.
One
of the white
fish I have started experimenting with recently are tilapia species, going back to the pharaos
of ancient Egypt.
Inspired by an
ancient Celtic myth, the «Hawk
of Achill» spot is set in a small
fishing village on Achill, a rugged island — steeped in folklore and myth — off the coast
of Ireland.
In Byrd's honor a decal with his number 90 overlaying an ichthus, the outline
of a
fish that is an
ancient symbol
of Christianity, was affixed to every Jet helmet.
An
ancient technique
of commercial
fishing has proved so efficient that sportsmen...
Kent is passionate about
ancient sharks and rays, but he could not do that work because UMD's Department
of Entomology, where he had his post, did not have a position for cartilaginous
fish paleontology.
Long uses the discovery to shed light on what amorous
ancient fish might have done in the dark (and with what appendages) and then embarks on a wide - ranging discussion
of the evolution
of sex.
Often called living fossils, these eel - like misfits have lungs and fleshy pectoral fins, bony plates and thick scales reminiscent
of ancient fossil
fish, and flag - like fins along their back that are unique.
ANCIENT flying
fish could make waves in our picture
of prehistoric oceans.
Iain McKechnie and Dana Lepofsky examine
ancient herring
fish bones that tell a fascinating story about how gigantic herring fisheries were for thousands
of years in the Pacific Northwest.
Now paleontologist Neil Shubin — discoverer
of the «fishapod» Tiktaalik, whose fins with wrists and elbows illustrate an evolutionary transition between
ancient fish and early land animals — leads a lively jaunt through the human body to get us in touch with our fishy (not to mention buggy, wormy, and yeasty) extended family.
«It's difficult to capture
ancient fishing because
of the nature
of fish bones — they're small, fragile bones,» says Carrin Halffman, a biological anthropologist at the University
of Alaska (UA), Fairbanks, and the lead author
of the new study.
Ghosted flesh Herringlike Lycoptera and other
ancient fish were discovered in Liaoning by Japanese scientists during the occupation
of northern China.
The Sahara, which covers nearly a third
of Africa, was once a lush savanna, teeming with wildlife,
fish - filled lakes, and
ancient humans.
Lungfish are members
of an
ancient group
of lobe - finned
fishes (Class Dipnoi), having a continuous fossil record originating in the Devonian period around 400 million years ago.
This illustration in a
fish with a proven
ancient lineage
of a highly evolved system controlling variations in heart rate suggests that its evolution was necessarily linked to the advent
of air breathing over primitive vertebrate lungs rather than the much later appearance
of mammals.
A series
of excavations by Jim Bowler, Alan Thorne, and others in the continental interior revealed that
ancient humans had
fished and collected freshwater mussels along the shores
of the Willandra Lakes 50,000 years ago, possibly earlier.
Scientists have resurrected an
ancient gene that can jump between chromosomes in the cells
of zebra
fish, salmon, and humans.
Long has used Tadros to study the evolution
of backbones, testing the idea that by making
ancient fish stiffer, backbones made them faster and hence better at collecting food or evading predators.
The researchers analyzed a skull
of Panderichthys — an
ancient fish that evolved at about the same time as tetrapods (early four - legged land - dwellers) from a common ancestor.
Bichir
fish (Polypterus), which are native to Africa's Nile basin, are the closest living counterparts
of those
ancient stem tetrapods.
Per Ahlberg
of Uppsala University in Sweden and colleagues found the fossil
fish in the Gogo formation in western Australia, where an
ancient reef community has been exquisitely preserved.
«We were stunned to find that our
ancient fossil
fishes had abs,» says co-author Kate Trinajstic
of Curtin University in Perth, Australia.
According to the
ancient Chinese text Zhouli (Rites
of Zhou), jiang was made by mixing meat or
fish with salt and liang qu (a fermentation starter) and leaving the mixture to mature for 100 days.
At once profoundly dignified, as birds
of such
ancient lineage should be, they are at the same time masters
of deadpan clowning, particularly when two or three birds contend for the same
fish.
Moreover, their findings suggest that
ancient fishes had multiple layers
of external armor that evolved into the differing scale types we see today.
Read previous Zoologger columns:
Ancient air - breathing, triple - jawed
fish, Horror fly returns from the dead, Even parasitic worms have a divided society, Shrimp plays chicken with its sex change, Death by world's longest animal, Live birth, evolving before our eyes, Sympathy for the piranha, The world's most fecund vertebrate, Whale - eater's helpful sulphur - powered guests, Horror lizard squirts tears
of blood.
Nearly 15 years ago, two
fishers in the waters off the southern coast
of Sri Lanka hauled up a stone slab etched with
ancient Hindu symbols.
Taken together, the cultural evidence strongly suggested that
ancient Peruvian
fishers had camped on the ridges, possibly year - round, eating shellfish meat and tossing away millions
of shells.
We have known about this human and animal pathogen, TB, since
ancient times, and it has always been considered something that is transmitted either through oral or aerosol exposure,» said lead study author Kathleen Alexander, DVM, PhD, professor, Department
of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Chromatophores produce the colors
of all kinds
of vertebrates other than reptiles, including
fish and amphibians — so the new technique could open a door into seeing the full colors
of a wide variety
of ancient creatures.
An
ancient flying reptile may have had a feeding style akin to that
of modern birds known as skimmers, which occasionally swoop along the water's surface to snatch
fish swimming there, a new study suggests.
The twin tails
of some prized goldfish varieties didn't arise naturally:
Ancient Chinese
fish aficionados deliberately bred for this trait.
«Similarities found between how
ancient and modern
fish survived youth: Belgian site is first evidence
of shared armored
fish «nursery».»
An
ancient fish that sported a saw blade - like whorl
of serrated teeth — and was long presumed to be a member
of the shark family — actually belonged to a different but closely related group, a new study suggests.
Surprisingly, the team also found 66 genes analogous to ones regulated by beneficial bacteria in the mouse intestine — suggesting that some host - bacterial interactions derive from an
ancient ancestor
of both mice and
fish.
«The scales
of most
fish that live today are very different from the
ancient scales
of early vertebrates,» says study author Dr Andrew Gillis from Cambridge's Department
of Zoology and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole.
In biology, one long - running debate has teeth: whether
ancient fish scales moved into the mouth with the origin
of jaws, or if the tooth had its own evolutionary inception.
However, while most
fish in the sea have bones, one
ancient lineage — sharks, skates and rays — possess skeletons made entirely
of cartilage.
FISHING boats in the North Sea bring up some strange things in their nets, from the bones
of mammoths to
ancient stone tools and weapons.
He re-told the familiar tale
of the evolution
of land animals from
ancient fish, and then considered the return
of various groups
of reptiles, birds and mammals to an aquatic existence: ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, crocodiles, sea - snakes, penguins, whales, dolphins and porpoises, manatees and dugongs, and seals — as well as polar bears, otters and water voles, who hunt in water.
Looking like a cross between a
fish and a dolphin, ichthyosaurs thrived throughout the reign
of the dinosaurs, and since their remains are regularly dug up across Europe and the UK, they're among the most well - understood
ancient creatures.
«There is already evidence from fossilized stomach contents that
ancient sharks like Orthacanthus preyed on amphibians and other
fish, but this is the first evidence that these sharks also ate the young
of their own species.»