Sentences with phrase «of animal genomes»

Over the next three years, the five centers in NHGRI 19s Large - Scale Sequencing Research Network will use high - throughput, robotic technologies to sequence a strategic set of animal genomes totaling as much as 54 billion base pairs, or the equivalent of 18 human genomes.

Not exact matches

This is because large chunks of our genome perform similar functions across the animal kingdom.

Also found in the water bear genome were more copies of an anti-oxidant enzyme and a DNA repair gene than in any other animal.

If you take the genomes of any two animals on this planet (yes, including homo sapiens - we are advanced animals), and plot out the corresponding similarities down to the very last letter, what you're left with is a perfect hierarchy (or family tree).

And as for the origin of species and evolution in terms of the scientific method, that scientific method has given us the ability to decode the DNA genome of many animals, and to show where, back in time, the various relatives of man and modern apes, for example, branched off into separate species.

The understanding of how other animals do it, plus the understanding of our own genome and development mechanisms makes this possible within the next 50 years.

All animal cells are made up of two genomes, the nuclear genome with 10,000 s of protein coding genes and the mitochondrial genome with 13 protein - encoding genes.

In a new study, researchers at the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science examined how the interaction of two genomes in animal cells — the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes — interact to affect adaptation of the Atlantic killifish to different temperatures.

Created by a Minnesota - based company called Recombinetics, the hornless cattle are the first of a new wave of farmed animals developed using techniques that, unlike conventional genetic engineering, involve no «foreign» DNA (see «How to tweak a genome «-RRB-.

«These predictive algorithms seem to do a good job when CRISPR is performed in cells or tissues in a dish, but whole genome sequencing has not been employed to look for all off - target effects in living animals,» says co-author Alexander Bassuk, MD, PhD, professor of pediatrics at the University of Iowa.

In the Eickbush lab, he began a study of the evolutionary relationships among non-long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons, which are abundant in the genomes of animals, plants, and fungi.

The study, published in the journal G3: Genes Genomes Genetics, adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that domestication alters animals» reactivity to stress.

Using this process, scientists can make targeted mutations in the genomes of living animals, either deleting genes or inserting new ones.

Last week, a research consortium posted the draft sequence of the naked mole rat's genome online; further study may unlock the genetic clues to this unique animal's survival abilities.

The toolbox of rat genetics currently lacks the ability to introduce site - directed, heritable mutations into the genome to create knockout animals.

The differences they found in the cat genome help explain characteristics such as why cats are almost exclusively carnivorous and how their vision and sense of smell differ from other animals like dogs.

He and his colleagues had reconstructed the partial genome of a woolly mammoth found frozen in Siberia, and he was convinced that researchers like himself would soon be able to take bits of degraded tissue samples, extract ancient DNA and use them to piece together whole genomes of extinct animals.

However, the results of more recent phylogenetic analyses, derived from comparisons between sequences of specific genes and of whole genomes, seemed to point to Ctenophora as the first group that parted company with the lineage from which the rest of the animal kingdom (including sponges) evolved.

In the unlikely event that scientists could reconstruct a complete dinosaur genome, she doubts that any modern animal could produce an egg capable of growing a dinosaur embryo.

By comparing the genomes of 203 vertebrates, they first traced the origin of KZFPs back to a common ancestor of tetrapods (four - legged animals) and coelacanth, a fish that evolved over 400 million years ago.

But everything we're learning from the human and animal genome projects, about the conservation of neurochemistries and the neuroanatomies, all of this points me to the conclusion that we are learning about ourselves when we study these little critters.»

Two clusters of changes in the viral genome were observed in one of the animals that succumbed.

Sequencing the genome of one such organism, King and her colleagues found genes that code for pieces of the same proteins used for the binding of cells and communication between cells in animals — functions that would be unexpected in such an organism.

With a grant from the Morris Animal Foundation, Antczak, his collaborators Samantha Brooks and Ann Staiger from the University of Florida, and the rest of the team applied a genomewide association study to compare the genetic makeup of horses with and without sarcoid tumors at more than 50,000 sites in the equine genome.

They sequenced the first whole animal, the flatworm, in 1998, and then pushed the systems to handle big chunks of bigger genomes — billions of base pairs.

«The study analysed the genome of these eight species and performed comparative analysis of animal genes important for signalling, neuronal and ionic conduction, epithelia, immunity and reproduction, which are the basic functions associated to multicellularity,» she adds.

But some animals carry more than two complete sets of the genome, referred to as polyploidy.

«Our vision is to apply the same approach but rapidly screen non-synthetic, biological or «natural» molecules cloned from human or other genomes, including those of plants, animals and microbes,» he said.

For some, de-extinction means the literal resurrection of long - lost species through whole - genome cloning, while for others it's about conferring the traits of extinct animals on closely related living species to create approximations.

The sequencing of the oldest mammalian genome from an ancient polar bear jawbone provides clues about these animals» fraught relationship with climate change

Most animals, including humans, have two copies of their genome — the full set of instructions needed to make every cell, tissue, and organ in the body.

UC Berkeley developmental biologist Nipam Patel uses Crispr - Cas9 to edit the genomes of butterflies, crustaceans and other animals to learn how an organism forms.

The first of these will focus on the potential use of genome editing in human reproduction to avoid the transmission of heritable genetic conditions, and the second on livestock to improve systems of animal husbandry and food production.

Rennie: Right, yeah, actually it is pretty astonishing that in many respects during these past 6 million years which are just, you know, a tiny piece of animal evolution within those portions of the genome where you're seeing differences pop up.

«Animal viruses typically have all genome segments packaged together into a single viral particle, so only one of those particles is needed to infect a host cell,» Ladner explained.

Hughes's winning research proposed using microarray techniques to compare the genomes of a variety of vertebrate animals to test for common regulatory elements that determine gene expression.

There, during a lecture, he learned that the genomes of viruses infecting plants and animals are actually very similar, even though plants and animals are very different.

«All the sudden you can do these sorts of studies in scrub jays and other animals that are not a [laboratory] organism,» says Joseph Pickrell, an evolutionary geneticist at the New York Genome Center in New York City, who was not involved with the work.

Preventing the transmission of inherited genetic diseases, and increasing food production rates in farmed animals are two potential applications of genome editing technologies that require urgent ethical scrutiny, according to a new report by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.

«It's one of the smallest animal genomes ever reported.

The team identified thousands of accelerated regions in each animal genome.

It represents only a small fraction of an animal's genome (the rest is nuclear DNA), and because it is transmitted only from the mother, it reveals just the genetic history of females.

Dr. Frankel is currently directing or co-directing projects related to the ethical and policy implications of human germ - line interventions, the responsible use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research, improving patient safety and reducing errors in health care, the ethical dimensions of the Human Genome Diversity Project, the uses of anonymity on the Internet, and intellectual property and ethical standards for electronic publishing in science.

From a bat's wings to an elephant's cancer resistance, an interdisciplinary team of scientists at University of Utah Health are using animals» unique traits to pinpoint regions of the human genome that might affect health.

Earlier studies looked at many genes from a few animals or a few genes from many animals, but Brown University biologist Casey Dunn and his team cast a wider net, sampling DNA from all across the genomes of 71 different animals.

Was it mutations in the genome of Y. pestis or changes in the susceptibility of animal or human hosts — or both?

Many people feared that retroviruses lurking in animal genomes could harm transplant recipients, but this year a team eliminated, in one fell swoop, 62 copies of a retrovirus's DNA littering the pig genome.

For the first time, they have decoded the animal's genome; their findings appear in the current issue of the journal PLOS ONE.

A new look at a virtual zoo - full of animals, from hummingbirds to bats to elephants, suggests that many vertebrate genomes have the same accordion - like properties.

(Ill - fitting because humans have been indirectly, and much less precisely, modifying plant and animal genomes for thousands of years via selective breeding, and evolution has been doing it for as long as there has been life on Earth.)