This latter norm prohibits the
exercise of arbitrary power by state legislatures, and means that not every law that they enact is by that fact alone constitutional.
Freedom understood as non-domination, or the
absence of arbitrary power, captures the experience and injustice of having a master, whether they are a king, a slave - owner, a capitalist, or a patriarch.
Jonathan Mayhew exhorted his Boston parishioners: «Do I behold these territories of freedom, become the
prey of arbitrary power?
We have now reached the point where the Prime Minister has in practice a
degree of arbitrary power few, if any, English and no Scottish monarchs have rivalled.
The case presented an opportunity for the Court, as the Advocate General had put it, «to balance the functional benefits and independence of agencies against the possibility of them becoming «uncontrollable
centres of arbitrary power»» (para 19).
Amongst these are the emphasis on popular participation in politics, the importance of civic virtue in citizens, the promotion of the common good over private interests, and a particular conception of freedom as the
absence of arbitrary power.
This includes reconnecting with an English socialism that grew out of the struggles for land and for the ownership of one's own labour against the forces of the market and
of arbitrary power.
Republicans like Philip Pettit and Quentin Skinner argue that freedom is best thought of as the absence
of arbitrary power.