Many traditional pharmacopeias include Aristolochia and related plants, which contain nephrotoxins and mutagens in the form
of aristolochic acids and similar compounds (collectively, AA).
Mutational signatures reveal high burdens
of aristolochic acid — related mutations in Asian liver cancers, with Taiwan most intensely affected.
Not exact matches
At least one
of the four medicines that contained Aristolochia DNA also contained
aristolochic acid.
Genomic sequencing experts at Johns Hopkins partnered with pharmacologists at Stony Brook University to reveal a striking mutational signature
of upper urinary tract cancers caused by
aristolochic acid, a plant compound contained in herbal remedies used for thousands
of years to treat a variety
of ailments such as arthritis, gout and inflammation.
«Genome - wide sequencing has allowed us to tie
aristolochic acid exposure directly to an individual getting cancer,» Kenneth Kinzler, Ph.D., professor
of oncology in the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center's Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics.
But the genome - wide spectrum
of mutations associated with
aristolochic acid exposure remained largely unknown.
Dr. Donald M. Marcus, professor emeritus
of medicine and immunology at Baylor, and Dr. Arthur P. Grollman, distinguished professor
of pharmacological sciences at Stony Brook University, discuss the scientific evidence showing that the plant Aristolochia can cause
aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN).
When a member
of Rozen's team spotted the same type
of mutation in liver cancer, the group wondered if plants that contain
aristolochic acid might increase a person's risk
of developing the disease.
«I was dumbstruck to find the evidence
of exposure to
aristolochic acid in 78 per cent
of cases,» says Rozen.