Sentences with phrase «of as hypoxia»

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If the initial work rate and RPE are set in a feedforward or anticipatory manner as is suggested (B and C on fig 2), then the starting power output should be similar whenever exercise is performed at a given RPE, irrespective of experimental interventions, such as increased ambient temperatures, hypoxia and dietary interventions.

But, as the mother of two children who have learning disabilities — my son who has a sort of diffuse mild dyslexia coupled with ADHD which made it worse, and a daughter with classical severe dyslexia — it would not surprise me in the least if intrapartum hypoxia is not discovered to be a major component.

(hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha), a protein that acts as a sensor for oxygen and nutrients in many types of cancer.

Harris and Peter Ratcliffe, also at the IMM, discovered the genetic switches, which they call «hypoxia - responsive elements» (HREs), in segments of DNA known as regulatory genes.

In the right hand panel, the cells are grown in hypoxia and in the presence of doxyxyxlin, therefore the cyclic peptide inhibitor is produced and HIF - 1 is inhibited, as demonstrated by the absence of the red dots.

They argue that fetal monitoring trials have focused on uncommon outcomes, such as cerebral palsy, which is rarely linked to hypoxia during labour, and say «we should be focusing on other forms of evidence relating to the more common outcome with serious long term implications — namely, neonatal encephalopathy.»

They acknowledge that electronic fetal monitoring increases the rate of instrumental delivery (such as use of forceps) and caesarean section, but argue that increased intervention «may not be entirely undesirable, given that appropriately timed intervention is likely to avoid neonatal hypoxia, seizures, and perinatal death.»

Recent studies showed that low oxygen conditions increase levels of a family of proteins known as HIFs, or hypoxia - inducible factors, that turn on hundreds of genes, including one called NANOG that instructs cells to become stem cells.

He argues that «most of the fetuses identified as being at risk of hypoxia are not» and highlights a review of trial data for nearly 37,000 women that found no difference in perinatal mortality between labours with electronic fetal monitoring versus intermittent auscultation.

A combination of hypoxia and messages from the tumor cells initiates a process whereby the newly arrived macrophages assume their bad - boy identity as tumor promoters.

Additionally, there are numerous annual areas of the Gulf where large scale fish kills occur as a result of hypoxia.

What Litvak found is that the MeCP2 gene is responsible for establishing a threshold for the activation of macrophages in the presence of stimuli and stressors such as hypoxia, corticosteroids and inflammation.

As a first step toward finding out, he subjected sleeping rats to bouts of hypoxia, or partial oxygen deprivation, that mimicked apnea episodes.

As the severity of Lake Erie harmful algal blooms has been on the rise, some would look for a link between summertime algal blooms and hypoxia.

In the model, the severity of hypoxia is driven by a combination of physical factors such as the thickness of the dense, bottom layer of water during stratification, the degree of wind - driven vertical mixing, and the growth of phytoplankton induced by phosphorus loading.

Hypoxia at the bottom of Lake Erie occurs during the summer as a result of biological activity in the colder bottom layer that consumes dissolved oxygen in the water.

Gibbons adds that millions of years of adaptation to low - oxygen waters allowed the goby «to capitalize on the changes to the system — both increased hypoxia and [hydrogen sulfide] as well as the jellyfish.»

«Significant impacts to the lake could result from incidental or accidental spills from 5,100 ships passing through every year; invasive species brought by transoceanic ships, which could threaten the extinction of aquatic plants and fish, such as the cichlids that have been evolving since the lake's formation; and frequent dredging, impacting aquatic life through alterations in turbidity and hypoxia, triggered by resuspension of nutrients and organic matter that exert a relatively high biochemical oxygen demand.»

The research, led by the University of Southampton and UCL, which took place on Mount Everest, assessed the mechanisms by which low oxygen levels in the body — known as hypoxia — are associated with the development of insulin resistance.

Physiologist Dino Giussani and colleagues at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom theorized that hypoxia promotes harm in the womb primarily through stress caused when the low level of oxygen creates an overload of highly reactive molecules known as free radicals.

Planes are equipped with oxygen - monitoring sensors, but that may not help if the crew are already affected by hypoxia, says Thomas Smith at the University of Oxford, who specialises in aerospace medicine, or if they misinterpret the signals, as is thought to have occurred in the 2005 crash, says Daniel Rooney at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine in Cologne, Germany.

The artificial membrane, known as a polymer - surfactant conjugate, provides a reservoir of oxygen that prevents hypoxia.

The implications of these data are that maternal treatment with antioxidants may provide possible therapy against the programming effects on vascular dysfunction in pregnancy complicated by fetal hypoxia, such as during placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes or high altitude pregnancy.

Similarly, Bernaudin et al. [43] found increased expression of 18 genes in the neonatal rat brain following hypoxia (8 % O2 for 3 h) including several known hypoxia inducible genes such as MAP kinase phosphatase - 1 (MKP - 1), several HIF - 1 target genes including VEGF and GLUT - 1, genes implicated in apoptosis, signal transduction molecules, and transcription factors.

In most cases, hypoxia is caused by either a dysfunction of the retinal vasculature, as in diabetic retinopathy and retinal artery and vein occlusions, or it is due to a mismatch between nutrient supply and demand, as in the case of a retinal detachment, where the retina is separated too far from the choroid to receive sufficient oxygen.

Thus, interactome hubs such as NR1 may exhibit low levels of change in individual gene expression following hypoxia, but, based on analysis of interaction networks, are likely to play an important role in regulating the biologic response.

«In a young, healthy individual, hypoxia — low oxygen levels — triggers the body to make factors that help coordinate the growth of new blood vessels but this process doesn't work as well as we age,» says Gregg Semenza, M.D., Ph.D., professor of pediatrics and genetic medicine and director of the vascular biology program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering.

Conclusions: The identification of gene expression alterations as a function of hypoxia and recovery from hypoxia is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying retinal dysfunction associated with a variety of diseases.

Several genes were identified as upregulated after 1 h of hypoxia including adenosine receptor A2AR, and another group of genes was increased after 6 h of hypoxia including VEGF, adrenomedullin, and GLUT - 1.

The aims are to study the adaptive response and damage / repair mechanisms of the foetus and newborn to a poor pre - and perinatal environment as during severe preeclampsia (asphyxia, hypoxia, growth restriction), chronic intrauterine infections and perinatal insults related to hypoxia and inflammation.

Hypoxia - inducible factors as key regulators of tumor inflammation.

(c) Proliferation curves of the parental cells, hypoxia - exposed cells (A3), and the cycling hypoxia - selected subpopulations grown as adherent cultures (top two plots) or as spherical cultures (the third plot).

Also, as shown in our study, the surviving cycling hypoxia - selected subpopulation acquires additional molecular advantages after exposure to several cycles of hypoxia / reoxygenation.

Mootha and his team had hoped to find benefits for more moderate low - oxygen conditions, such as intermittent periods of hypoxia or slightly higher levels of oxygen.

Other groups have also reported that exposing cancer cells to environmental factors such as serum deprivation or hypoxia alone can increase the stem - like phenotype or the number of stem - like cancer cells [40, 48, 49].

Furthermore, the cycling hypoxia - selected F3 subpopulations had increased mRNA levels of three mesenchymal transcription factors - Snail (7 - to 10-fold), Slug (2 - to 3-fold), and Twist (2 - to 4-fold)- as measured by qRT - PCR (Figure 6d).

Stephen Alexander, UK - Cannabinoid receptors, transporters, endocannabinoid turnover, hydrogen sulphide turnover Arthur Christopoulos, Australia (GPCRs Liaison)- G protein - coupled receptors; analytical pharmacology; allosteric modulation; biased agonism; drug discovery; neuropharmacology John Cidlowski, USA (NHRs Liaison)- Glucocorticoid receptor signaling; apoptosis and the immune system Anthony P. Davenport, UK (Chair Evolving Pharmacology, GPCRs Liaison) Doriano Fabbro, Switzerland - Kinases and their biology, kinase inhibitors, drug discovery, pharmacology of drugs (kinase inhibitors) in the indication oncology, biology of oncology Kozo Kaibuchi, Japan Yoshikatsu Kanai, Japan - Transporters, amino acid signals, epithelial function, cancer biology Francesca Levi - Schaffer, Israel - eosinophils and mast cells as effector cells in allergic inflammation: characterization of new receptors / ligands, hypoxia / angiogenesis and eosinophils, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, immunopharmacological modulation of allergic diseases by bispecific recombinant antibodies, bacteria interactions with eosinophils and mast cells, the allergic effector unit, mast cell derived tumors: new antibody based treatment, the allergic inflammation and the resolvome, non IgE - mediated mast cell activation in diseases Eliot H. Ohlstein, USA (Editor)- Drug discovery and development, urogenital biology, cardiovascular / metabolic medicine John A. Peters, UK (LGICs Liaison) Alex Phipps, UK - Oncology, Clinical Pharmacology, Biologics and Immunotherapy Joerg Striessnig, Austria (VGICs Liaison)- Physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiological role of voltage-gated calcium channels

Support to date for the existence of an hypoxic niche in marrow blood stem cells came from indirect evidence such as expression of the hypoxia protein Hif - 1 and related genes and staining with surrogate markers of hypoxia.

In response to cellular stress such as DNA damage, oncogene activation, transcriptional inhibition, and hypoxia, tumor suppressor p53 is activated and expressed, and acts as a transcription factor to induce its target genes [1], thereby playing a central role in the regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and angiogenesis [2 - 4].

Functional imaging using in vivo confocal microscopy which allows the analysis of vaso - activity phenomena during hypoxia, of ischaemia reperfusion events, or of homing cells in pathologic processes, such as tumours or inflammatory diseases.

Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia.

Although the differing effects of hypoxia reported here are in conflict with previously published data, where no contrasting effect was seen (18 — 20), our data was produced using 13 primary breast cancer samples, as well as established cell lines, and the opposing effects in hormone receptor — positive and negative tumors, measured using multiple in vitro and in vivo CSC assays, were consistent in all cases.

Breast cancer cells, which survive in hypoxia, share many characteristics with breast cancer stem cells (CSC) such as loss of estrogen receptor - α (ER - α) expression (1), increased anoikis resistance (14) and increased resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy (15, 16).

These results clearly indicate that analysis of future xenograft experiments should take careful note of the size of the xenografts as well as how hypoxia influences CSC in the specific cell line used.

We studied the effects of hypoxia on CSC activity, using in vitro mammosphere and holoclone assays as well as in vivo limiting dilution experiments, in 13 patient - derived samples and four cell lines.

The data presented in this article suggests that tumor subtype needs to be taken into account during treatment design as blocking angiogenesis and therefore increasing tumor hypoxia may be beneficial in the treatment of ER - α — negative breast cancer but could have catastrophic effects on ER - α — positive breast cancer.

Tumors thrive in a low oxygenated environment and this condition known as hypoxia promotes the invasion of cancer and its growth (1).

In indigenous Australians and Papua New Guineans, mingling with the Denisovans (the «other Neanderthal,» an ancestral human living primarily in Asia) introduced genes related to «spermatogenesis, fertilization, cold acclimation, circadian rhythm, development of brain, neural tube, face, and olfactory pit, immunity,» as well as «female pregnancy, development of face, lung, heart, skin, nervous system, and male gonad, visual and smell perception, response to heat, pain, hypoxia, and UV, lipid transport, metabolism, blood coagulation, wound healing, aging.»

-15 minutes of hypoxic / hyperoxic training on my bicycle, which is set up next to a LiveO2 unit that allows me to switch between hypoxia (low oxygen) and hyperoxia (high oxygen) as I work through a series of short, explosive sprints.

I have been able to provide many hyperlinks that lead the reader to reference material, illustrative items and videos of concepts such as hypoxia.