Sentences with phrase «of atmospheric ionization»

As GCR is the primary source of atmospheric ionization, it has been suggested that GCR may act to amplify relative small variations in solar activity into climatologically significant effects (Ney, 1959), via a hypothesised relationship between ionization and cloudiness (e.g., Dickinson, 1975; Kirkby, 2007).

The variability of atmospheric ionization rates due to GCR changes can beconsidered relatively well quantified (Bazilevskaya et al., 2008), whereas resulting changes in aerosolnucleation rates are very poorly known (Enghoff and Svensmark, 2008; Kazil et al., 2008).

The variability of atmospheric ionization rates due to GCR changes can be considered relatively well quantified (Bazilevskaya et al., 2008), whereas resulting changes in aerosol nucleation rates are very poorly known (Enghoff and Svensmark, 2008; Kazil et al., 2008).

Not exact matches

Deuterium enrichment profile of Golden Rice β - carotene analyzed by liquid chromatography / atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - mass spectrometry (positive ion mode).

For Golden Rice β - carotene, analysis of serum samples by liquid chromatography / atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - mass spectrometry (23) showed that the labeled β - carotene was absorbed intact after consumption of the cooked Golden Rice.

With this labeling method, the intrinsically labeled Golden Rice β - carotene showed a protonated molecule of m / z of Mβc + H + = 536 + 1 (representing unlabeled β - carotene) and a range of isotopomers with the most abundant showing an enrichment of 9 deuterium at Menrich - βc = Mβc + H + + 9 mass units (Figure 4) as analyzed by using the liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry with a positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface (the total m / z was Mβc + 9 + H + = 536 + 9 + 1 = m / z 546)(23).

This powerful analytical method using mass spectrometric detection is called CI - APi - TOF (chemical ionization — atmospheric pressure interface time - of - flight mass spectrometry).

Thus, it is plausible that changes to atmospheric ionization rates due to cosmic ray variability may affect the occurrence of electrical phenomena in the Venusian atmosphere (Nordheim et al. 2015) hence manifesting a relation between space weather and meteorological phenomena.

While the exact mechanism for charging and for initiating lightning within the Venusian clouds is not currently known (Yair 2012) it is nonetheless likely that cosmic ray ionization has an important role in this process as it is believed to be the primary source of atmospheric ions at middle and low altitudes.

Analyzing such systems, whether they are on the surface of a catalyst, a microbial community, or atmospheric aerosols, and understanding their impact requires tools that can accurately identify and quantify hundreds of molecules,» said Dr. Julia Laskin, a PNNL chemist, who has been advancing the frontiers of the Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, nicknamed nano - DESI, for the last 3 years.

They found that changes in atmospheric ionization during the 11 - year solar cycle, and the resulting variations in aerosol formation, produced a globally asymmetric radiative forcing with a net cloud albedo effect of − 0.05 W m − 2.

Due to the relative weakness of Earth's geomagnetic shielding in this region, cloud changes over such a location are tantalizing as FD events have the potential to induce maximum changes in atmospheric ionization.

Asmall direct current is able to flow vertically between the ionosphere (maintained at approximately 250 kVby thunderstorms and electrified clouds) and the Earth's surface over fair - weather regions because of GCRinduced atmospheric ionization.