Sentences with phrase «of atmospheric molecules»

For example — at what height would 90 % of the atmospheric molecules be below you?

As demonstrated by my modest experiment (1 & 2) the presence of the atmospheric molecules participating in the conductive, convective and latent heat movement processes renders this ideal black body radiation impossible.

We are sitting at 385 ppm of CO2, or 0.038 % of all atmospheric molecules, 4 % of which are to be contributed to human activity.

Near Titan's surface, about 5 percent of the atmospheric molecules are methane, the fraction decreasing with altitude.

On a global scale, the heating of atmospheric molecules causes the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, to expand and stretch higher during the day; it then settles back down as it cools at night.

At the present time, the concentration is about 390 ppm, 0.039 percent of all atmospheric molecules and less than 1 percent of that in our breath.

Not exact matches

With this labeling method, the intrinsically labeled Golden Rice β - carotene showed a protonated molecule of m / z of Mβc + H + = 536 + 1 (representing unlabeled β - carotene) and a range of isotopomers with the most abundant showing an enrichment of 9 deuterium at Menrich - βc = Mβc + H + + 9 mass units (Figure 4) as analyzed by using the liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry with a positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface (the total m / z was Mβc + 9 + H + = 536 + 9 + 1 = m / z 546)(23).

But James Ferris, a prebiotic chemist at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., doubts that atmospheric electricity could have been the only source of organic molecules.

In the midst of an extreme Antarctic freeze, atmospheric molecules lose roughly 20 percent of their room - temperature velocity.

Moreover, these measurements were made at concentrations of sulfuric acid and dimethylamine corresponding to atmospheric levels (less than 1 molecule of sulfuric acid per 1 x 1013 molecules of air).

Franck Montmessin of the LATMOS atmospheric research centre in France says ozone forms when sunlight breaks up carbon dioxide molecules on the planet's daylight side.

Tinetti says the earlier studies could be a product of the planets» bright sides cooking to the same temperature throughout, which makes atmospheric molecules less likely to absorb radiation from below.

A few molecules of H2O at normal atmospheric pressure are solid when below 32 degrees Fahrenheit, liquid between 32 °F and 212 °F, and gas when above 212 °F.

Low energy electrons are ubiquitous and are known to play important role in variety of phenomena relevant to astrochemistry (where they participate in synthesis of new molecules), in radiation biology (where they cause chemical changes in living cell, plasma chemistry), atmospheric chemistry, radioactive waste management and nanolithography — to name but a few.

This atmospheric layer includes molecules that absorb ultraviolet and visible light, acting as a kind of «sunscreen» for the planet it surrounds.

Determining the structure of these molecules, she said, «is paving the way for future spectroscopic detection and atmospheric chemistry modeling.»

As this light passes through the exoplanet's atmosphere, some of it is absorbed by atmospheric molecules.

The region contains strong fundamental vibrational transitions of most molecules, as well as two atmospheric transmission windows.

IUVS also created a map of the atmospheric ozone on Mars by detecting the absorption of ultraviolet sunlight by the molecule.

Some of these recombine into nitric oxide, and this in turn reacts with other atmospheric chemicals, occasionally producing a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms — ozone, or O3.

The low atmospheric temperature also works to slow the reaction, giving additional time for the separation of molecules.

«It is ironic that high concentrations of molecules with high global warming potential (GWP), the worst - case scenario for Earth's climate, is the optimal scenario for detecting an alien civilization, as GWP increases with stronger infrared absorption and longer atmospheric lifetime,» say the authors.

It's correct that an extra methane molecule is something like 25 times more influential than an extra CO2 molecule, although that ratio is primarily determined by the background atmospheric concentration of either gas, and GWP typically assumes that forcing is linear in emission pulse, which is not valid for very large perturbations.

The seasonal cycle in atmospheric CO2 shows that the lifetime of a CO2 molecule in the air before it is exchanged with another in the land biosphere is about 12 years.

The global warming potential (GWP) depends on both the efficiency of the molecule as a greenhouse gas and its atmospheric lifetime.

Methods: In this new approach, the team began with an atmospheric aerosol sample that contains thousands of molecules formed in the reactions of ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant, with limonene, a molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange trees.

Analyzing such systems, whether they are on the surface of a catalyst, a microbial community, or atmospheric aerosols, and understanding their impact requires tools that can accurately identify and quantify hundreds of molecules,» said Dr. Julia Laskin, a PNNL chemist, who has been advancing the frontiers of the Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, nicknamed nano - DESI, for the last 3 years.

Scientists are still investigating how this atmospheric loss occurred, but suggest that the sun might have pushed light molecules out of Mars» upper atmosphere that could not be held in by the planet's gravity.

The team observed signatures of glowing water molecules, which indicated that WASP - 121b's atmospheric temperatures increase with altitude, Evans said.

And energy out mostly by radiation, however, as much as 20 % of escaping energy is simply highly energized atmospheric molecules; which furthers vertical convection all the way out to the inside of Earth's magnetic bottle, and the Van Allen radiation belt.

In one study, Mao and colleagues subjected a mixture of hydrogen and water to a pressure of about 220 megapascals (2,000 times atmospheric pressure) at room temperature (300 K or 80 °F), which formed a clathrate hydrate — a cage - like framework of water molecules enclosing molecules of gas.

In August 2005, the scientists reported that they created this compound by compressing buckyballs — soccer ball - shaped molecules each made of 60 carbon atoms — at 2,200 degrees C and 200 times normal atmospheric pressure, a process that could lend itself to mass production.

Briefly put, the process can be defined as a CO2 molecule absorbing a ~ 650 cm - 1 photon (equivalent to a thermal energy of about 900 K), and losing that energy to the surrounding bath of atmospheric gases.

It also seems that even though the selective absorption of specific energy bands by different molecules IS the mechanism to add energy to the air, the energy absorbed by CO2 & especially Water Vapor is extremely rapidly dispersed by molecular collisions to ALL the components of the atmosphere, so that the N2 and O2 also heatup, and all the atmospheric components assume a uniform temperature (ie global warming).

An parcel means that the medium is small enough to be isothermal and in local thermodynamic equilibrium (which then ensures that the population of thermodynamic molecular energy levels will be set by molecular collisions at the local atmospheric temperature), but the parcel is also large enough to contain a large enough sample of molecules to represent a statistically significant mass of air for thermodynamics to apply.

A warm parcel of air will radiate more than a colder parcel, even at the same 390 ppm of CO2 in the air due to the population of the different rotational and vibrational energy states of the GHGs from collisions with other atmospheric molecules in the LTE limit.

The processes (absorption of light, collisional energy transfer and emission) can be separated because the average time that an isolated CO2 molecule takes before it emits a photon is much longer that the time for collisional de-excitation (~ tens of microseconds at atmospheric pressure, less, higher in the atmosphere).

The study notes that «It is not physically possible for large enough volumes of air to interact with the surface under normal atmospheric conditions and therefore this method will not remove sufficient molecules of NO2 to have a significant impact on ambient concentrations.»

I think I know what you mean here but in the context of the previous Much Ado about Methane article with discussion of the difference between atmospheric lifetime of a CO2 molecule vs. lifetime of an increase in concentration, this could also be put more clearly.

So, although each molecule of CO2 that escapes from the oceans will, on average, be back in the ocean again in five years time, if the sea surface temperature rises the increase in the atmospheric CO2 will remain.

The fundamental point is that the total atmospheric warming arising as a result of the density of the atmosphere is a once and for all netting out of all the truly astronomic number of radiant energy / molecule encounters throughout the atmosphere.

I stand corrected and you are right that it is a weight adjusted 10 % of IR resonating atmospheric molecules.

If you look at the total cross section of all the air molecules in a volume 1 Meters high by 1 M ^ 2 cross section, You get figure of.0.25 * 10 ^ 26 molecules / M ^ 3 for the number of molecules at atmospheric pressure.

The speed of release is again dictated by overall atmospheric density because greater density renders it less likely that the neighbouring molecules are cool enough for a release of radiant energy to occur.

The radiative absorption capability of CO2 allows atmospheric molecules to reach a higher temperature than that imparted to them by energy at the surface so they rise to a higher location than would be predicted from their weight and their individual gas constants.

The fundamental point is that the total atmospheric warming arising as a result of the density of the atmosphere is a once and for all netting out of all the truly astronomic number of energy / molecule encounters throughout the atmosphere.

«The atmospheric greenhouse effect is a flea on the back of an oceanic elephant and the influence of CO2 but a microbe on the back of the flea and the influence of anthropogenic CO2 but a molecule on the back of the microbe.»

John Carter August 8, 2014 at 12:58 am chooses to state his position on the greenhouse effect in the following 134 word sentence: «But given the [1] basics of the greenhouse effect, the fact that with just a very small percentage of greenhouse gas molecules in the air this effect keeps the earth about 55 - 60 degrees warmer than it would otherwise be, and the fact that through easily recognizable if [2] inadvertent growing patterns we have at this point probably at least [3] doubled the total collective amount in heat absorption and re-radiation capacity of long lived atmospheric greenhouse gases (nearly doubling total that of the [4] leading one, carbon dioxide, in the modern era), to [5] levels not collectively seen on earth in several million years — levels that well predated the present ice age and extensive earth surface ice conditions — it goes [6] against basic physics and basic geologic science to not be «predisposed» to the idea that this would ultimately impact climate.»

About half of the albedo comes from clouds, with the surface and Rayleigh scattering by atmospheric molecules contributing the rest.

Yet models of atmospheric absorption that only take into account the water molecule's well - known rotational and vibration - rotational transitions don't match up with measurements of the atmosphere's absorption spectrum [1]....