Students can also critique the reasoning
of authors of texts.
Demonstrating an affinity with the Romanticist tradition of Schleiermacher and Dilthey, these men seek to uncover the seminal experience or creative insight
of the authors of the texts in question, the experience that was objectified in words.
But this fusion of horizons can take place not by a poetic divination into the language of the text, nor by a mystical identification with the preconceptual experience
of the author of the text, but by the breaking in of the Word of God from the Beyond into our limited horizons and the remolding of them, in some cases even the overthrowing of them.
Not exact matches
Or as researcher J.R. Levin,
author of Knowledge Acquisition from
Text and Prose, says:
«If you've got too much
text on the screen, you can't compel an audience in any emotional way at all,» says Altman,
author of the just released Why Most PowerPoint Presentations Still Suck & How You Can Make Them Even Better.
Giving Watson a pretty grim selection
of text it comes back with a statement about how empathetic the
author is, and emotionally aware.
«When you dive straight into emails,
texts, and Facebook, you lose focus and your morning succumbs to the wants and needs
of other people,» warns
author Travis Bradberry in one representative post.
In this original
text, the
authors discuss empirical facts
of financial markets and introduce a wide range
of models, from the micro-scale mechanics
of individual order arrivals to the emergent, macro-scale issues
of market stability.
Source:
Author's calculations as explained in the
text under the assumption that President Trump imposes an import tariff
of 25 percent on steel and 10 percent on aluminum.
As a scholar, Polk had gained access to Faulkner's carbon typescripts for the major works; these were, effectively, keystroke logs
of the
author's original manuscripts, and Polk compared these with the published
texts to return the prose to Faulkner's original intentions (these are the «corrected
text editions» published by Vintage).
CNN: My Take: The 5 key American statements on war Stephen Prothero, a Boston University religion scholar and
author of «The American Bible: How Our Words Unite, Divide, and Define a Nation,» explores five
texts that have served as «scripture»
of sorts in American public life, each
of which contemplate the meaning and ends
of war
It's a cherry - picking
of scripture used to address what's happening right now in popular culture,» says Knust,
author of the recent book «Unprotected
Texts: The Bible's Surprising Contradictions on Sex and Desire.»
The
author, who is a Professor
of Divinity at Yale, is sorely lacking in basic understanding
of text and religion.
I think that if what is called «deconstruction» produces neglect
of the classical
authors, the canonical
texts, and so on, we should fight it....
If the
text in the Bible indicated a ball, sphere or globe it would be more compelling evidence that the
authors truly understood the true nature
of the shape
of the Earth.
The
author summarizes the agreements among scholars about the New Testament
texts and the problems they face in trying to recover the historical Jesus — the lack
of eyewitnesses and the fact that the Gospels were not written individually and probably not by the
authors to which they were traditionally ascribed.
The truths
of Genesis 6 - 8 (and especially 6:7, 13, 17; 7:23) can be understood differently when we grasp the Scriptural and cultural contexts in which these
texts were written, what other Old Testament
authors had to say about the flood, and also what the Apostle Peter writes about it in his second letter.
In that
text, the
author clearly hesitates from saying that it was God who killed the firstborn sons
of Egypt and writes instead about «he who destroyed the firstborn.»
David Johnston,
author of Earth, Empire and Sacred
Text, Christine Schirrmacher, a scholar with the Institute
of Islamic Studies
of the Evangelical Alliance in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and Joseph Cumming, director
of the reconciliation program at Yale Divinity School, discuss whether Christians should support laws that ban Muslim women from wearing the face veil in public.
So in this
text, it is offensive to the
authors of the
text, and that specific culture, (only).
But God was not the
author of those ancient
texts, because it was obviously penned by men, and being the fallible creatures that we are, there are many mistakes.
Dr. Ehrman,
author of over 25 books including three college
text books, received his PhD from Princeton Theological Seminary (magna cum laude).
Editor's Note: David Hazony is the
author of «The Ten Commandments: How Our Most Ancient Moral
Text Can Renew Modern Life» (Scribner, 2010).
In the end, the
author believes that the Enlightenment thinkers developed a «theological» model, even though he completes this exhaustive study by citing a grim
text from one
of Nietzsche's «Letters» that sounds anything but theological: ««The family will be slowly ground into a random collection
of individuals,» haphazardly bound together «in the common pursuit
of selfish ends.
In fact, the
authors of those New Testament
texts were undoubtedly drawing from very similar instructions written by Aristotle, Philo and Josephus, known well throughout the Greco - Roman world.
George Soares - Prabhu, the Indian Biblical scholar, has attempted to compare Buddhist and Christian
texts despite the fact that both emerge from two different chronological, literary, and theological contexts.50 These receptor oriented translation strategies reduce Biblical terminologies, style, theological concepts, and the intent
of the
author in an extensive manner.51
Historical criticism is the process by which modern scholars examine the
text of ancient documents and try to determine when they were truly written and whether or not they were
authored by the person whose name is on the document.
In most books, only the final view is evident, for
authors seek to revise earlier positions to conform with the final one.6 All three notions are present in the
text, however, for Whitehead in revising did not erase all traces
of his earlier formulations.
Historical criticism causes us to miss the message the original
author was trying to convey, what issues their audience was dealing with, and as a result, we completely miss the message and meaning
of the
text.
Gadamer talks about a «fusion
of horizons» in which both our own questions and perspectives and everything we can learn about the
author's context contribute to a
text's meaning.
They could point to differences in terminology and word usage, «errors»
of the
text which «pre date» or «post date» the
author, and why certain elements
of his book show clear evidence
of redaction and editing.
The first duty
of every translator is to adopt the most accurate and reliable
text of the work before him unless he / she to translate an autograph, i.e. manuscripts in the
author's own handwriting.32 Some translations are perverted due to the incorrect choice
of text type, and it does not fit with the style, context and theology
of the
author.33 In the case
of the early versions, while Palestinian Syriac and Georgian used Caesarean
text type, Gothic and Old Church Slavonic used different Byzantine
text types (i.e., Gothic used early Byzantine and old Church Slavonic, imperial Byzantine).
For the New Critics the literary
text was considered an autonomous work
of art, to be studied independently
of its
authors intentions and
of the sociopolitical currents
of the time in which it was produced.
When you read in the Bible about proclaiming Jesus as Lord, following Jesus, taking up your cross, eternal reward, inheriting the Kingdom, life in the Spirit, faithful living, and on and on and on, the
author who wrote that
text was primarily thinking
of how we should live as followers
of Jesus so that we can experience the life God meant for us to live.
The bulk
of academic writing in my discipline is not really writing but a collection
of marks on paper put down in response to similar marks put down in response to other marks put down in response to... The
authors of these
texts do not have a conception
of writing as an art, or
of the need for the imagery, inflection, and rhythm that hold open the mind
of the reader so that the thought can slip past them into his soul.
Augustine makes the remarkable claim that «Whoever finds a lesson in the
text that is useful to the building
of charity, even though he has not said what the
author may be shown to have intended in that place, has not been deceived, nor is he lying in any way.»
the point
of reading is not to restate the meaning intended by the
author but to engage the
text in creative thought, often by means
of punning play with the
text.
The reason for this emphasis, I believe, lies in the interest
of such scholars in interpreting
text rather than
author, in exploring the expression
of the
text rather than the intentionality
of the
author.
The approach I have outlined above interprets
texts and theologies; it never makes any value judgment psychologically on the
authors of these
texts.
It is built upon the Burkian assumption that «the human situation created in literature is essentially dramatic» and devised as an analytical tool for students who would become «speakers»
of an
author's aesthetic
text.
That is, the
text can be interpreted as
text with regard to its potential depth - psychological value, without having regard for the intention — self - consciousness —
of its
author.
Unless one wants to assume that Otto grossly mistranslated or misinterpreted the two sets
of texts, one is left with the unavoidable impression that their
authors are talking about essentially the same experience.
The
author becomes another reader with some privileged knowledge
of what, she or he once meant, but with no hermeneutical privilege at all in interpreting what the
text actually says.
Aesthetic
texts, so went the claim, present an experience which is shared between an
author and a reader in the communicative act
of reading.
However, a more conservative interpretation
of the Matthew
text, taken for example by Mark A Yarhouse,
author of Understanding Gender Dysphoria (IVP), is that «those who make themselves eunuchs» in this
text «almost certainly refers to those who choose not to marry (rather than suggesting they were castrating themselves).»
Just as the
text says more than its
author knows, so its
author may be living Out
of that reality to which the
text points.
The
authors are most helpful when they focus not on proof
texts from Jesus» teaching but on our relationship
of praise and devotion to the God incarnate in Jesus Christ.
The
author himself rarely shows up in the
text, except to provide a brief transitional paragraph or two between summaries
of what other
authors have written.
Thus, the fact that God is the ultimate
author of Scripture is downplayed for apologetic reasons, the stress being instead put on the «fallible» human minds and hands that produced the
text.
It is absolutely true to say that, if Archimedes had written a chapter
of the Bible, the
text would bear much greater evidence
of the
author's «omniscience.»