Those dogs are not only more prone to be sensitive to ivermectin; they tend to be sensitive to the entire family
of avermectins which includes many of the drugs veterinarians use to treat parasites.
Perhaps the biggest contribution of the discovery
of avermectins in veterinary medicine is the prevention of heartworm disease, which is nearly 100 % preventable with monthly micro-doses of these compounds available in any number of commercial products.
Since it does not readily cross in to the brain of most dogs (with exceptions), pets tolerate doses
of avermectins that kill the larval stages of heartworms.
Congratulations to William C. Campbell, Ph.D., who has been jointly awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery
of avermectin, which led to a treatment for river blindness.
KENILWORTH, N.J. --(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, proudly congratulates William C. Campbell, a retired scientist from Merck Research Laboratories, who was jointly named the 2015 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine with Satoshi Omura for the discovery
of avermectin, which led to Merck's development of Mectizan (ivermectin), a treatment for river blindness (also known as onchocerciasis) in Africa, Latin America and Yemen.
It began with the recognition that one
of the avermectin derivative compounds, ivermectin, was effective in treating Onchocerca volvulus, the worm parasite responsible for causing River Blindess, a disease that is spread by the bite of the black fly and infects 16 million people a year world wide.
Ivermectin and other derivatives
of avermectin have proven to treat countless worm and other parasites in both human and veterinary medicine.
The amount of body fat that the dog possesses is likely to affect the dynamics
of the avermectin in their body (ref).
Not exact matches
On Monday, the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine went to William Campbell
of Drew University in Madison, New Jersey, and AAAS member Satoshi Ōmura
of Kitasato University in Tokyo, who will share half the prize for discovering the drug
avermectin, which has been used to treat river blindness and lymphatic filariasis as well as other parasitic diseases.
Doramectin — Doramectin, another
avermectin, has been used in a study involving 23 dogs that received weekly subcutaneous injections
of 600 µg / kg.10, 31 None
of the animals showed adverse effects with doramectin; however, this drug should not be used in ivermectin - sensitive breeds
of dogs.
Macdonald N, Gledhill A. Potential impact
of ABC ± (p - glycoprotein) polymorphisms on
avermectin toxicity in humans.
Heartworm preventatives belong to a family
of drugs called the
avermectins.
Of the current heartworm medications, all contain
avermectins except Interceptor / Sentinel (Novartis) which contained a closely related compound, milbemycin oxime.
In that article, the author relies on a concept called «refugia» or selection pressure, to explain why heartworms are unlikely to develop the resistance to
avermectins that is occurring in the parasites
of livestock.
With this ten-fold increase in incidence
of the problem, I am very concerned that the parasites are becoming resistant to the
avermectins (EVERY heartworm preventive on the market except for Sentinel and Interceptor) and to milbemycin oxime (the active ingredient in Sentinel and Interceptor).
Some
of the other topical flea and heartworm control
avermectin products will probably also prevent sarcoptic mange — but they are not currently approved for that use in the United States.
Certain medications the dog might be receiving concurrently (spinosad / Comfortis ®, antifungals medications like itraconazole and ketoconazole, certain antibiotics, corticosteroids, Apoquel ® / oclacitinib, etc.) can make a bad reaction to the
avermectins more likely You can read more on the subject
of demodectic mange treatment here, here, here and here.