Ingmar Riedel (Howard, MPG)-- «Mechanics
of the axoneme: Self - organized beating patterns and vortex arrays of spermatozoa» (2005)
Not exact matches
The
axoneme's rhythmic bending and stretching is the source
of the tail's movement, and the scientists knew they needed to realistically depict that process in order to show the film's viewers how a sperm moves.
Using this biologically accurate model
of how dynein moves the microtubules within the
axoneme, Ingber and Reilly created a short film called «The Beginning,» which draws parallels between sperm swimming toward an egg and spaceships flying toward a planet in space, giving an artistic bent to a scientific topic.
The core
of a sperm's whip - like tail is the
axoneme, a long tube consisting
of nine pairs
of microtubules arranged in a column around a central pair, all
of which extend the entire length
of the tail.
The
axoneme's movement is accomplished via rows
of motor proteins called dyneins that are attached along the microtubules and exert force on them so the microtubules «slide» past each other, which then causes the entire
axoneme and sperm tail to bend and move.
«Not only is our physics - based simulation and animation system as good as other data - based modeling systems, it led to the new scientific insight that the limited motion
of the dynein hinge focuses the energy released by ATP hydrolysis, which causes dynein's shape change and drives microtubule sliding and
axoneme motion,» says Ingber.
The nexin link and B - tubule glutamylation maintain the alignment
of outer doublets in the ciliary
axoneme.
a. Normal ciliary
axoneme with one central pair
of microtubules (arrow) and nine peripheral microtubular doublets (arrow head).
The gene product's precise role is not currently understood but it is thought to anchor regulatory complexes at the photoreceptor connecting cilium, which acts as a bridge between the inner and outer segments
of photoreceptor cells [43] as well as having functions in disk morphogenesis [42] and in the structure
of the ciliary
axoneme [44].