Sentences with phrase «of backscattered»

It transmits acoustic energy into the atmosphere in multiple directions and measures the strength and frequency of backscattered energy.

The strength of the backscattered signal is determined by the strength of temperature inhomogeneities with size on the order of 10 centimeters (cm).

Following major volcanic eruptions, it is necessary to avoid corruption of the backscattered signal caused by enhanced aerosols.

The RWP transmits electromagnetic energy into the atmosphere in as many as five directions (four tilted in opposing vertical planes and on vertical) and measures the strength and frequency of backscattered energy.

As the temperature changes down the length of the borehole, the light travels at slightly different speeds, and the color of the backscattered light changes slightly as well.

The frequencies of the backscattered light are measured by an optical receiver and those signals are processed to determine temperatures.

In the team's demonstrations, the total power consumption of the backscatter system was 11 microwatts, which could be easily supplied by a tiny coin - cell battery for a couple of years, or powered using tiny solar cells.

Becuase of the exponential dependence of the backscattering, the rate of temperature decrease is augmented with increasing aerosol content.

Ahmed, S., A. Gilerson, J. Zhou, J. Chowdhary, I. Ioannou, R. Amin, B. Gross, and F. Moshary, 2006: Evaluation of the impact of backscatter spectral characteristics on Chl retrievals in coastal waters.

The TSA officers seemed quite confident that once travelers learned the new procedures in store for them if they dared to opt - out of the backscatter body imaging device, there would be no takers for the new pat - downs.

Not exact matches

Experts say the dose from the backscatter is negligible when compared with naturally occurring background radiation, but a linear model shows even such trivial amounts increase the number of cancer cases

«The detection of landmines by neutron backscattering: Exploring the limits of the technique.»

Airport security breaches on and after 9/11 have led to the continual advancement of technologies such as millimeter wave imaging and backscatter scanners to prevent future tragedies

To measure temperatures along the cable's length, the team sends pulses of light down the fiber and observes how the fiber backscatters the light, returning it in the direction from which it came.

«The high detection efficiency and low dark count rate of the SNSPD means that the weak signal from the backscattered light can be detected with a high signal - to - noise ratio,» said Xia.

Based on its extensive field programme, ECO2 recommends that overburden, seabed, and water column should be monitored with 3 - D seismic techniques, high - resolution bathymetry or backscatter mapping of the seabed, hydro - acoustic imaging of gas accumulations and outlets, video and photo imaging, chemical detection of dissolved CO2 in ambient bottom waters.

The process is monitored by means of, for example, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); a technique that makes it possible to «reveal» the structure in the patterns.

(There are about 150 international airports in the U.S.) In addition to ETD devices, the TSA uses two types of imaging technology to screen the nearly two million passengers passing through U.S. airports daily — millimeter wave and backscatter.

For example, the sensor transmits its data to the handheld reader passively, by backscattering some of the incoming energy.

The team demonstrated three different methods for sending audio signals and data using FM backscatter: one simply overlays the new information on top of the existing signals, another takes advantage of unused portions of a stereo FM broadcast, and the third uses cooperation between two smartphones to decode the message.

«Because of the unique structure of FM radio signals, multiplying the original signal with the backscattered signal actually produces an additive frequency change,» said co-author Vamsi Talla, a UW postdoctoral researcher in computer science and engineering.

Barry Steinhardt, associate director of the American Civil Liberties Union, calls backscatter x-ray imaging «nothing more than an electronic strip search.»

Now, using a technique called «ambient backscatter,» University of Washington researchers are doing just that: They have transformed existing wireless signals into both a power source and a communication medium for a sensor network.

AS&E says the radiation dose from a backscatter x-ray, less than 10 microrems, is the same received from natural sources during two minutes of an airplane flight at 30,000 feet.

Although backscatter and millimeter wave scanners might have given screeners cause to be suspicious of an underwear bomb, neither are used in all airports, and passengers concerned about exposure to radiation can often opt to instead be frisked by security personnel.]

(B) The YTT cryptotephra layer is not visible in a SEM image (backscatter electron mode) of a thin section from the core between 28.04 and 28.11 MBLF; however, the image confirms the lack of bioturbation or disturbance in the core at this depth and is evidence for anoxic bottom water conditions at this time.

When this value was multiplied by the mean layer thickness and aggregation area estimated from the ADCP backscatter data, we estimated a total biomass of 2.0 million tons with krill comprising an estimated 88.4 % of the total acoustic backscatter.

Mamontov is the lead instrument scientist for BASIS, the backscattering, crystal - analyzer spectrometer at the SNS that is particularly good at deciphering the dynamics of water in various systems.

To quantify krill biomass and distribution we used: an integrated MOCNESS [17] for estimates of krill size and acoustic target strength; dual EK - 60 fisheries echosounders (38 and 120 kHz, Kongsberg - Simrad) calibrated according to [18] and mounted on a zodiac for fine scale (100 km) measurements of acoustic volume backscattering; and the ADCP echo intensity to define the meso - scale (101 km) geographic extent of the krill distributions.

To estimate the percentage of krill from acoustically detected schools, we subtracted the linear backscatter cross-section at 38 kHz from 120 kHz to identify krill [3], [20], [21].

Satellite Imagery: Through ground stations located at Rutgers University and University of Delaware, we access research satellites providing a number of products including Sea Surface Temperature, Chlorophyll and Backscatter

They then characterized the general morphology of these structures using low kV scanning electron microscopy and backscattered electron imaging.

He brings a variety of in situ and ex situ characterization methods to bear on the these materials, including high - resolution x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, atom probe tomography and scanning probe microscopy.

A team at Disney Research is looking at harnessing a technique called ultra-wideband (UWB) ambient backscatter, which would allow IoT devices to save power and ditch their radio transmitters by piggybacking their communications on the multitude of FM and cellular signals already in the air.

This work has extended to the establishment of capabilities in characterization to preclude exposure of specimens to reactive environments through bulk electropolishing and specimen transfer via portable glove box systems for detailed electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) analyses, which are highly dependent upon specimen surface quality.

She has a PhD in acoustics from the University of Bergen, where she investigated broad band backscatter from fish without swim bladder.

However, a low concentration of sparsely distributed nano - grain clusters was discovered using a high - resolution electron backscatter diffraction scan.

GoPro Hero3 + Black Edition Camera * - $ 50 (Includes 8 GB microSD card, Battery BacPac and Backscatter Flip 3.1 Filter for color correction underwater)- $ 75 (Includes all of the above plus a Light & Motion GoBe 700 video light and tray handle) * Sorry, only available for use on Jack's Diving Locker boat trips.

The system recognized live and deceased sharks, but it «does not record the raw signal, but as [sic] a series of individual images, which can be reviewed as moving images,» making the instant removal of «backscatter» impossible and impractical.

That is another way of saying that there is some backscattered IR coming from those clouds.

Consider a non-absorbing cloud with 0.7 albedo: 30 % energy emerges diffusely from the base, the same diffusely from the top, 40 % is pseudo-geometrical backscattering as the wave loses geometrical information, a form of shielding pollution switches off, an alternate AGW.

Added to the backscatter images, the ice displacement vectors allow us to estimate the drift of the whole arctic pack.

Satellite instruments provide global maps of surface UV irradiance by combining backscattered radiance measurements with radiative transfer models.

Radars measure the backscattering of electromagnetic microwave radiation with wavelengths on the order of 3 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches).

The model consists of two components whose refractive indices resemble those of detritus - minerallike and planktonlike particles, whose size distributions are constrained by underwater light linear polarization signatures, and whose mixing ratios change as a function of particulate backscattering efficiency.

Because albedos of water clouds can be higher, up to 0.7, and there is angle dependence not possible for diffuse backscattering, I suspect g for non-plane wave interactions may be << 0.5.

This provides range - and time - resolved measurements of radial velocity and attenuated backscatter.

«Remote sensing of PM2.5 during cloudy and nighttime periods using ceilometer backscatter.»

The glider used optical and acoustic backscatter — techniques similar to radar in which sound or light is bounced off of surroundings and analyzed upon return — to survey the water for sediment particles of two different sizes (0.4 and 0.1 millimeter) commonly used in models.

Mishchenko, M., V. Tishkovets, and P. Litvinov, 2002: Exact results of the vector theory of coherent backscattering from discrete media: An overview.