There is a separate IMO international convention on
management of ballast water — signed in 2004 — that would come into force when ratified by a required number of 30 states.
The 70,000 or so vessels that would be covered by the treaty transport more than 7 billion
tonnes of ballast water round the world each year, says David Smith, head of technical services at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory in the UK.
Berry expresses concern over the implications for marine life
of the ballast water discharged from vessels involved in the transportation of rock from the superquarries projected for the Scottish Highlands and Islands, and the problems that such discharges could present to fish farmers in the region.
With 50 ships traveling through the canal daily, swapping around 10 million
tons of ballast water annually between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean, it's no surprise the Suez is a hotbed for species invasion.
Considering each cubic
metre of ballast water may contain hundreds of thousands of organisms, billions of organisms can be introduced by ships every year.
The survey revealed that some «major trading nations» are very worried by the
danger of ballast water and have adopted their own procedures to prevent the escape of exotic organisms.
Marine species are among the most enthusiastic invaders, and the global
transport of ballast water is the single biggest cause of their spread.
The reduction is so disproportionately large because the
effect of ballast water treatment multiplies at successive stopovers.
Although no cases of cholera were reported in Alabama, ballast - water samples collected later contained the epidemic - causing strain of cholera, and this incident highlighted the
capability of ballast water to transport pathogens.
When the ship reaches port, millions of
liters of ballast water are pumped out into the harbor, releasing the microbes into the new environment.
The U.S. Coast Guard has instituted rules requiring the
exchange of ballast water or sealing of ballast tanks on all ship traffic in the Lakes.
There are many actions which can be taken to reduce, but not eliminate, the risk of alien species invasions, such as the treatment
of ballast water in cargo ships and wood products, strict quarantine applied to crop and horticultural products, and embargos on the trade and deliberate introduction of known invader species.
Legislation requiring the
management of ballast water was enacted in 2004, replacing the voluntary management legislation passed earlier in 1996.
At any one time, an estimated 7 billion
tonnes of ballast water is crossing the oceans — almost all of it carrying seeds, spores, eggs, larvae, bacteria and plankton native to wherever the water was loaded.
So I am pleased to learn from Stewart that he and his colleagues are giving careful consideration to all environmental aspects of the proposal — including the likely impact on the marine environment of discharges
of ballast water, and the extent to which any risk could be controlled.