For for an increasing number
of beamlines we offer specialized sample environment equipment in combination with direct user service.
It would take advantage
of beamlines at OMEGA - EP, one of the country's most powerful lasers.
But as one
of the beamline scientists put it, this is a truce not a treaty.
For example, STAR and PHENIX have both installed novel detector technologies to help analyze particles that emerge from RHIC collisions in the forward direction — close to and along the direction
of the beamline.
«The X-ray device we have on campus has only a fraction of the power
of the beamline, and we would not be able to complete this complex mapping project without such a high - powered X-ray device.»
But because
of his beamline experience, he was pulled into work focused on high - throughput crystallography, and, naturally, more automation.
Not exact matches
In addition to fabricating the hybrid membrane at the Molecular Foundry, the scientists analyzed the material at
beamline 12.2.2
of the Advanced Light Source.
The Australian Synchrotron's X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy
beamline clearly showed researchers how zinc migrates to the center
of the grain during this optimal parboiling approach, making the milled white rice more nutritious.
But he noted that «five protein crystallography
beamlines have been spared
of major damages».
«Recent technological advances at our
beamline allowed us to create the conditions to simulate these intense temperatures and pressures and probe the changes in chemistry and structure
of the sample in situ,» she said.
Kamel Fezzaa, a team member and
beamline scientist with Argonne's X-Ray Science Division, concurs, adding, «Full - field imaging techniques will greatly benefit from the order
of magnitude reduction in horizontal source size.
Recent synchrotron advances and the development
of dynamic compression platforms have created the ability to investigate extreme states
of matter on short timescales at X-ray
beamlines using shock waves generated by impact systems.
Working at ALS
beamline 12.3.2, a superconducting bending magnet X-ray micro-diffraction
beamline, the research team studied a reproduction
of Roman volcanic ash - lime mortar that had been previously subjected to fracture testing experiments at Cornell University.
At ALS
beamlines 5.3.2.1 and 5.3.2.2, x-ray spectroscopy showed that the specific way the aluminum substitutes for silicon in the C - A-S-H may be the key to the cohesion and stability
of the seawater concrete.
High - pressure x-ray diffraction experiments at ALS
beamline 12.2.2 measured its mechanical properties and, for the first time, clarified the role
of aluminum in its crystal lattice.
«We were deeply concerned about the development
of the science and investment case [for new
beamlines],» says Gallagher.
Integration
of the results from the various
beamlines revealed the minerals» potential applications for high - performance concretes, including the encapsulation
of hazardous wastes.
A funding proposal for the new
beamlines has been put together since the sacking
of Lamb but contrary to usual practice, it has not been reviewed by SAC members.
According to Smith, SAC had been extremely concerned about starting to prepare the funding proposal by February, since a deadline
of 8 December loomed to apply for US$ 37 million
of Commonwealth Government funds for four new
beamlines.
Using one
of the world's most powerful soft X-ray microscopes — the Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) and X-ray Emission
beamlines — at the Canadian Light Source in tandem with one
of the world's highest resolution aberration - corrected transmission electron microscopes housed at the University
of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Banerjee and collaborators from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the UIC and Argonne National Laboratory were able to observe the unique electronic properties
of their novel vanadium pentoxide and directly prove magnesium - ion intercalation into the material.
Brookhaven scientists are pictured at NSLS - II
beamline 8 - ID, where they used ultra-bright x-ray light to «see» the chemical complexity
of a new catalytic material.
«The high - intensity X-ray
beamlines at the ESRF, equipped with state -
of - the - art Dectris detectors, were crucial for getting high quality crystallographic data from the weakly diffracting and radiation sensitive crystals
of the large polymerase complex,» says Cusack.
For this research, the team used the Center for Nanoscale Materials as well as
beamline 12 - ID - C
of the Advanced Photon Source, both DOE Office
of Science User Facilities.
To analyze the chemical complexity
of the material, the scientists used
beamline 8 - ID at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS - II)-- also a DOE Office
of Science User Facility at Brookhaven Lab.
Professor McGeehan said: «The Diamond Light Source recently created one
of the most advanced X-ray
beamlines in the world and having access to this facility allowed us to see the 3D atomic structure
of PETase in incredible detail.
Picture
of ID23 - 1, one
of the ESRF structural biology
beamlines where the experiments were carried out.
The synchrotron, he says, is «doing brilliantly» in terms
of generating scientific publications and maintaining high - quality
beamlines.
The new entity, to be called the Middle East Biological Sciences Institute for Research, will make use
of the synchrotron's
beamlines.
Unlike synchrotron light sources, which may have dozens
of X-ray
beamlines and many experiments going on simultaneously, the current version
of LCLS has just one powerful beam, a billion times brighter than any available before, whose pulses arrive up to 120 times per second.
Nobumichi Tamura, an ALS staff scientist, said the X-ray
beamline where the Roman concrete samples were studied can produce beams focused to about 1 micron, or 1 thousandth
of an inch, «which is useful for identifying each mineral species and mapping their distribution.»
Small - angle neutron scattering data obtained on
beamline D11 at the ILL was crucially used to prove the internal structure
of these clusters.
ORNL's Steven Dajnowicz (left) and Andrey Kovalevsky prepared a sample to begin neutron structural analysis
of a vitamin B6 - dependent protein using the IMAGINE
beamline at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor.
«This study highlights how neutrons are an unrivaled probe for identifying the location
of hydrogen atoms in biological systems, providing us with an unprecedented level
of structural detail for this important enzyme,» LADI - III
beamline scientist Matthew Blakeley said.
Using the microfocus
beamline at the SPring - 8 synchrotron facility, the group obtained crystallographic images
of the two receptors at resolutions
of just 2.9 and 2.4 angstroms, and came up with a surprising finding.
The suspended droplets were then cooled by several hundreds
of Kelvin during which time they were illuminated with particularly intense x-rays from the «Doris III» synchrotron
beamline at DESY.
(The University
of Missouri is a founding member
of the Molecular Biology Consortium (MBC), which operates the
beamline in California.)
The
beamline device is one
of only five in the world and is the size
of a football field.
It also includes one day
of tutorials and a full day
of hands - on practical sessions on 6 different
beamlines.
To maintain this leadership, the ESRF launched an extensive modernisation programme in 2009 that saw the creation
of 19 new
beamlines and many developments in instrumentation.
Brookhaven scientists discuss some
of the first
beamlines to host users at NSLS - II: Eric Dooryhee at the X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD)
beamline, Stuart Wilkins at the Coherent Soft X-ray (CSX)
beamline, Lisa Miller at the Submicron Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy (SRX)
beamline, and Yong Chu at the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN)
beamline.
Each year, the demand to use these X-ray beams increases and near to 9000 scientists from around the world come to Grenoble, to «
beamlines», each equipped with state -
of - the - art instrumentation, operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
The PSCM facilitates a deeper exploitation
of state -
of - the - art neutron instruments and synchrotron
beamlines in combination with on - site specialised sample preparation and characterisation facilities.
Further studies will also employ another
beamline, NOMAD, to characterize the exact structure
of both the surface and bulk hydride in the catalyst.
Using the MaNDi instrument, SNS
beamline 11B, they hope to better understand how bacteria containing enzymes called beta - lactamases resist the beta - lactam class
of antibiotics.
Using the Neutron Powder Diffractometer instrument, HFIR
beamline HB - 2A, they determined how the material's magnetic structures correlate to its ferroelectric polarization, which is the slight separation between the centers
of positive and negative charge in the atomic units making up the crystal structure.
Examples include handling data from faster detectors, like the Pilatus, handling new technologies, such as the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL), and handling new types
of experiments, such as putting multiple crystals in the
beamline at the same time, or running experiments using two different wavelengths at the same time.
Portions
of this work were performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (sector 13), APS, supported by the NSF - Earth Sciences (EAR - 1128799) and DOE - GeoSciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466), at 34ID - E
beamline, APS, and at 15U1, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
ESS maintains a number
of facilities for R&D, including workshops in Lund, test
beamlines in Germany and Norway, and a thin films coating facility in Linköping.
This work was supported with grants from the NASA Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program, the NASA Astrobiology Institute, the W.M. Keck Foundation, the Geophysical Laboratory
of the Carnegie Institution
of Washington, Carnegie Institution
of Canada, the Naval Research Laboratory, the NRC Research Associateship Program, Boston College, and the FQRNT Some data was acquired at
beamline 5.3.2.2 at the ALS, which is supported by the Director
of the Office
of Science Department
of Energy.
As a complement to laboratory techniques such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, visible and electron microscopy carried out at the Centre
of Research and Restoration
of French Museums, Paris, the scientists used the ultra bright X-rays on the ESRF's ID21
beamline to analyse tiny fragments taken from different sculptures.