Sentences with phrase «of brain structure»

Converging evidence reveals a significant impact of childhood trauma on neurobiological development (in terms of brain structure and function), psychological processes, hormonal and cognitive functioning, which may underlie the effect of childhood trauma on later psychological functioning.

The study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, is the first comprehensive examination of brain structure changes in preschoolers with signs of ADHD.

Although the existing research suggests diverse outcomes, scholars have documented that young children exposed to trauma (for example, maltreatment and other forms of violence) are more likely than children who have not been exposed to trauma to experience physiologic changes at the neurotransmitter and hormonal levels (and perhaps even at the level of brain structure) that render them susceptible to heightened arousal and an incapacity to adapt emotions to an appropriate level.21 This emotional state increases their sensitivity to subsequent experiences of trauma and impairs their capacity to focus, remember, learn, and engage in self - control.22

Melatonin protects against chemical, free radical, microbial and heavy metal damage that lead to degeneration of brain structure and function.

Non-invasive mapping of brain structure and function with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has opened up unprecedented opportunities for studying the neural substrates underlying cognitive

«Modern neuroscience is one of the most interdisciplinary fields of human intellectual endeavor in the 21st century, and no single researcher or laboratory can master all of the diverse approaches necessary to solve the challenging problems of brain structure, function, and dysfunction,» Anderson says.

Magnetic resonance imaging techniques, including structural imaging (MRI), functional imaging (fMRI), and spectroscopy (MRS), which measures brain chemistry, are noninvasive and thus can be used both in humans and in animals to study multiple aspects of brain structure and function.

Distinguished Scientist Award and Lecture: Robert Williams Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA Systems genetics of brain structure and function: a jigsaw puzzle

Due to the density of its neural layers, the hippocampus generates some of the largest EEG signals of any brain structure.

In the study, the researchers found higher odds of brain structure changes in participants who consumed just 14 to 21 units per week.

Some of the other tests of brain structure and function were promising, but overall this study indicates that a specific change in nutrition is unlikely to make a large difference to people with Alzheimer's, even in the early stages.

«And many studies of the brain and central nervous system, using imaging, EEG and other objective measures of brain structure and function, add to the existing evidence that central nervous system dysfunction is a critical element in the disorder.

When compared with MRI scans using the metallic enhancing agent gadolinium, DGE - MRI gave comparable results - showing details of brain structure and areas where tumors had disrupted the blood - brain barrier (BBB), which is a hallmark of the highest grade tumors.

To test this possibility, Gregory and Berman measured the impact of Neanderthal variants on MRI measures of brain structure in a sample of 221 participants of European ancestry, drawn from the NIMH Genetic Study of Schizophrenia.

Lucina Uddin, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Miami, who was not part of the research team, said, «The combination of multiple neuroimaging modalities is a clear strength of the current study, and the authors are to be commended for undertaking the difficult task of trying to reconcile results from methods designed to tap different aspects of brain structure and function.

In February, Piven and his colleagues predicted the diagnoses of baby sibs using snapshots of brain structure collected at multiple time points during childhood.

In addition to collecting scans of brain structure and function, the research teams at 21 study sites around the country will regularly gather a trove of other information from each youngster, from psychological, cognitive, and environmental data to biological specimens such as DNA.

Studies of brain structure and correlations with levels of a protein known as BDNF (brain - derived neurotrophic factor) will also be performed using these findings.

«We know that experience is at least as powerful a regulator and shaper of brain structure and function as hormones, and boys and girls have very different experiences,» says Sisk, who was involved in the study.

The research team wanted to see if elderly long - term yoga practitioners had any differences in terms of brain structure compared with healthy elderly people who had never practiced yoga.

Being shorted sleep consistently during the formative growing years (up to age 21) can cause permanent rewiring of the brain structure.

Too little food and / or nutrient deficiency can lead to depletion of energy stores, alteration of brain structure, and cardiac dysfunction.

«Beyond that, it relates those measures of brain structure to cognition.»

«I feel that it is important to create an awareness that the way we are interacting with the devices might be changing the way we think and these changes might be occurring at the level of brain structure.»

Among the 42 Zika - infected women in the study, 12 were carrying fetuses with severe abnormalities, including absence or withering of brain structures, tissue death, restricted growth and, in one case, microcephaly.

Earlier work linked genes to simple measurements of brain structures, such as overall volume or length.

Two new studies link patterns of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blood to the integrity of brain structures and cognitive abilities that are known to decline early in aging.

Somehow, our integrated image of the world emerges from this complex labyrinthine network of brain structures.

In studying the functional behavior of the brain, from control of muscles to the formation of memories, scientists are using such tools such as electron microscopy, recordings of electrical signals from individual brain cells, and imaging of brain structures and processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and high - resolution optical imaging.

Now there's evidence that such stress can actually change the size of brain structures responsible for learning, memory and processing emotion.

All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans, which the researchers analyzed with specialized software to reveal differences in the volume of brain structures.

The research shows that the score for the bird's song takes shape as it gets relayed down a hierarchy of brain structures.

This research is transforming our understanding of brain structures at the center of memory, behavior, and cognition.

limbic system A group of brain structures surrounding the central area of the brain.

Theirs is one of the largest and most comprehensive analyses so far of the brain structures vital to general intelligence and to specific aspects of intellectual functioning, such as verbal comprehension and working memory.

At the Duke Center for Neuroengineering, the INNF is supporting a revolutionary project to understand the neural mechanisms underlying the onset of disease by recording the neuronal activity of brain structures controlling movement, sleep, and learning and memory.

Certain food turns down our threat response system (TRS), an intricate network of brain structures that then alert us to the stress and encourage us to behave in ways that allow us to fight the stress.

The basal ganglia are a group of brain structures that utilize dopamine as their primary neurotransmitter.

Current medical science puts the anatomical focus of OCD in the limbic system, which is an integrated network of brain structures in all mammals that is associated with various aspects of behavior and emotion, among other things.

THE BEAUTIFUL BRAIN: DRAWINGS OF SANTIAGO RAMON Y CAJAL The Nobel - prize winning neurologist Ramón y Cajal's intricate, extraordinary drawings of brain structures, pedagogically abstracted but overwhelmingly precise, are still in scientific use after a century.

But healthy attachment facilitates the development of those brain structures that help children manage social stress more effectively, encouraging them to seek more pro-social outlets for stress.

It has been shown that a brain network including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and lateral prefrontal cortex areas, mostly modulated by the neurotransmitter dopamine, subserves the function of regulating thoughts, emotions and responses.13 Patterns of activation of these brain structures are related to the efficiency of resolving conflict14 and variations in the size and structure of the ACC have been related to the EC score obtained in temperament questionnaires.15

Not exact matches

The finding suggests that the brains of gifted people may, in fact, be different — although which came first, the rare ability or the unusual brain structure, remains a chicken - or - egg inquiry.

Some of the specific brain regions that sprang into action when Kurzweil was thinking outside the box: the dorsal anterior cingulate, which lies in the frontal lobes deep inside the brain, just above the band of fibers that connect the two hemispheres; the back part of the parietal lobes; and the right cerebellum, a cauliflower - shaped structure that lies at the base of the brain.

During a key experiment in the 1990s, for example, researchers damaged the neocortex of female hamsters after birth but spared deeper brain structures.

Studies have found some differences in the structure of and activity in the brain, a concept known as sexual dimorphism.

While the results can't conclusively prove that all those second screens are causing the changes to the brain (differences in brain structure could also lead people to be more likely to multitask), the researchers suggest that the results should nonetheless serve as a red flag for fans of multiple devices while further studies are carried out to test causality.

All the animals completed a series of cognitive tests at the start of the study and were injected with a substance that allows scientists to track changes in their brain structures.

Without a living set of healthy brain structures, we have repeatedly observed that brains do not work, and mentation is impaired or impossible.

Thus the net effect of the presiding occasion within the brain is significantly to alter the structure of an already existing electromagnetic field.