There are two types
of bright nebulae that are associated, not with star birth, but with star death.
This map
of bright nebulae in the constellation of Orion shows how the Orion Nebula (M42) is only a small part of a large collection
of bright nebulae.
Dark nebulae can be seen if they obscure part
of a bright nebula (eg.
The Lagoon nebula is one
of the brightest nebulae in the sky and it can be seen with the naked eye.
Not exact matches
«NGC6778,» adds another
of the authors, Hektor Monteiro,
of the University fo Itajubá, Brazil, «is one
of the planetary
nebulae with the
brightest recombination lines.
SHINE
BRIGHT Supernova 1987A shone as a brilliant point
of light near the Tarantula
Nebula (pink cloud) in the Large Magellanic Cloud, as pictured from an observatory in Chile.
More accurate distances between the most common type
of «planetary
nebulae» and the Earth can be estimated simply with three sets
of data: firstly, the size
of the object on the sky taken from the latest high resolution surveys; secondly, an accurate measurement
of how
bright the object is in the red hydrogen - alpha emission line; and thirdly, an estimate
of the dimming toward the
nebula caused by so called interstellar - reddening.
This huge, dusky object forms a conspicuous silhouette against the
bright, starry band
of the Milky Way and for this reason the
nebula has been known to people in the southern hemisphere for as long as our species has existed.
Its 5 inch aperture ensures that it gathers plenty
of light for great views
of the planets and Moon, as well as
brighter galaxies,
nebulae, and star clusters.
Four stars collectively called the Trapezium form the center
of the
nebula, which to our eye looks like the
brightest star in the sword
of Orion.
The three bands then correspond to the galactic center
of a galaxy in the Hubble field and the interacting galaxy, the center
of a
bright star in the Magellanic cloud and a star cluster and the last band corresponds to the white dwarf in the Helix and Cat's eye
nebulae.
At the time, the limited telescopic power available to Herschel, who was observing visually, only allowed him to document the
brightest «toepad»
of the Cat's Paw
Nebula.
This
nebula is visible as the
bright blue object just to the left
of the cluster's centre.
Astronomers have scrutinized about 100
nebulas for signs
of a small, faint companion amid the glare
of the
bright core, but so far, in some five out
of six cases they've come up empty.
Picture distant blue stars
brighter than the full moon at night, shining through the spidery veins
of dust and gas that hang through the
nebula like cobwebs.
Soon it collides with the slower, cooler gas ahead
of it, piling it up into a
bright, dense cloud called a planetary
nebula.
About 4,500 light - years away in the direction
of the constellation Monoceros, the
nebula is large enough to be visible through small telescopes; if it were
bright enough in the visible spectrum it could be seen by the naked eye, occupying several times as much
of the sky as the full moon.
These are fast - moving knots
of bright gas that seem to be shielded somehow from the harsh radiation
of a
nebula's dying star.
Bright spots in the map include the Crab
Nebula, which hosts a radiation - spewing stellar corpse called a pulsar, and several blazars, violent active galaxies where colossal black holes accelerate particles to more than 99 % the speed
of light.
PSU postdoctoral researcher Matt Povich showed how a broad swath
of dust [infrared imagery, red in image above] obscures many
of the biggest,
brightest stars in the
nebula in visible light.
A
bright young star called V380 Orionis (upper left) illuminates the
nebula - except for where a cold cloud
of gas and dust is so dense that it blocks all light behind it.
The three
bright stars at the upper right are the belt
of the constellation Orion, and the Orion
nebula is at the lower right.
Called an «enormous Lyman - alpha
nebula» (ELAN), it is the
brightest and among the largest
of these rare objects, only a handful
of which have been observed.
Astronomers believe the bullets, which are about 10 times the size
of our solar system, are clumps
of iron atoms (
bright blue tips) and other gas ejected from within the
nebula after an unknown violent event.
«It's extremely
bright, and it's probably larger than the Slug
Nebula, but there's nothing else visible except the faint smudge
of a galaxy.
Of particular interest is a star at the center of the nebula, just below the brightest region, whose intense light and furious winds appear to have driven out the local gas, forming a spherical void perhaps only 30,000 years agoquite recent, by astronomical standard
Of particular interest is a star at the center
of the nebula, just below the brightest region, whose intense light and furious winds appear to have driven out the local gas, forming a spherical void perhaps only 30,000 years agoquite recent, by astronomical standard
of the
nebula, just below the
brightest region, whose intense light and furious winds appear to have driven out the local gas, forming a spherical void perhaps only 30,000 years agoquite recent, by astronomical standards.
Jonathan Tan
of the University
of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, though, has always eyed another suspect: Theta - 1 Orionis C, the
brightest star in the Trapezium, a cluster which also lies in the Orion
Nebula.
The central star in the Blinking Planetary
Nebula (middle) is shedding mysteriously
bright clumps
of gas, which glow red.
Four
of the five post-1000 supernovae are famous: A 1006 explosion in the southern sky was the
brightest in recorded history; a 1054 supernova in the constellation Taurus spawned the well - known Crab
Nebula; and supernovae in 1572 and 1604 bear the names
of two Renaissance astronomers, Tycho (Brahe) and (Johannes) Kepler.
This picture shows the
bright central region
of this
nebula which contains a very compact and very young cluster
of stars.
M78 is only the
brightest nebula in this picture, above it is NGC 2071, and the region to the right
of M78 is NGC 2064 and NGC 2067.
While the
bright part
of the
nebula is
of about 65 arc seconds in diameter (more accurately, the «cork» is about 42x87», the «wings» 157x87»), this
nebula is surrounded by a faint halo covering a region
of 290 arc seconds in diameter (Millikan, 1974); this material was probably ejected in the form
of stellar winds from the central star when it was still in the Red Giant phase
of evolution.
This picture
of the dramatic
nebula around the
bright red supergiant star Betelgeuse was created from images taken with the VISIR infrared camera on ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT).
The
nebula glows because
of the radiation from the intensely hot, class O star, Xi Persei which is the
brightest star in this picture.
Although it is very obscured, the
bright central part
of this
nebula is visible to us.
Bright nebulae are usually vast concentrations
of gas and dust in which stars have been or are being formed.
The very
bright star on the right side
of this map is Deneb - it is a supergiant star which may be at a similar distance as the
nebula.
There are three main types
of bright diffuse
nebulae:
The Bug
Nebula, NGC 6302, is one
of the
brightest and most extreme planetary
nebulae known.
Also included in this list is the much more distant NGC 3603
nebula which is in the same area
of the sky; this
nebula is only the
brightest part
of an enormous nebulous region which probably extends over 1000 light years
of space.
LBN stands for «Lynds
Bright Nebula,» named after the astronomer who published a catalogue
of nebulae in 1965.
The Crab
Nebula, one
of the most famous
nebulae and seen here by the Hubble Space Telescope, is actually the expanding explosion
of a core collapse supernova, the light
of which was
bright enough to be seen here on Earth in the year 1054 CE, as documented by Chinese astronomers at the time.
NGC 6910 and M29 (NGC 6913) are the two
brightest star clusters in this region, and both
of these star clusters formed in this
nebula.
The second method is to plot the giant HII regions (
bright nebulae of ionised hydrogen) which are usually formed in the spiral arms.
The Gamma Cygni
nebula consists
of the various pink patches which can be seen surrounding Gamma Cygni - the
bright star in the middle
of this photograph.
That the
nebula is so much
brighter than the star shows that the star emits primarily highly energetic radiation
of the non-visible part
of the electro - magnetic spectrum, which is absorbed by exciting the
nebula's gas, and re-emitted by the
nebula, at last to a good part in the visible light.
These
bright tracers include globular star clusters, planetary
nebulae (dying stars that glow like neon lights), and patches
of glowing hydrogen gas.
Composite picture
of the Cat's Eye
Nebula (NGC 6543), combining three images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.This planetary nebula has an unusually complicated structure, with concentric shells (seen as bright rings), jets (the projections at upper left and lower right), and a number of details that suggest complex interactions of shock
Nebula (NGC 6543), combining three images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.This planetary
nebula has an unusually complicated structure, with concentric shells (seen as bright rings), jets (the projections at upper left and lower right), and a number of details that suggest complex interactions of shock
nebula has an unusually complicated structure, with concentric shells (seen as
bright rings), jets (the projections at upper left and lower right), and a number
of details that suggest complex interactions
of shock waves.
The Gamma Cygni
nebula, IC 1318, has three
bright patches (parts A, B and C,) and they each have a diameter
of about 50 light years.
There are a lot
of nebulae (
bright and dark) in this part
of the sky because we are looking deep into our Galaxy in this direction.