Sentences with phrase «of calcifiers»

To date, much of the focus of ocean acidification research has been on the response of calcifiers, both algae and invertebrates, to the changing carbonate system, with a particular preoccupation on one property: the hydrogen ion concentration [H +], which is frequently reported as pH owing to the relative ease of its measurement.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

They argue that OA is one such area, and conclude that there is, at best, weak evidence to support an OA - driven decline of calcifiers.

Up to now previous investigations focused on calcite or aragonite saturation state as indicators of calcifiers thresholds, which may completely miss the vulnerability of many calcifiers.

Not exact matches

«The marine calcifiers that live in polar regions are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification, a progress which is reducing their mineralization capacity and forming calcium carbonate (CaCO3) skeletons used as a protective and supporting structure against predators» says Blanca Figuerola, main author of the scientific study.

Ocean acidification is therefore one of the most important research areas regarding the effects of elevated CO2 on benthic marine calcifiers and the marine ecosystem in general.

The scientists hope to gain more insight into this by exploring how past changes in seawater pH have impacted these organisms, but also through further field and laboratory studies testing the effect of ocean acidification on these calcifiers.

In addition, more than one - third of the marine species living in the state's Puget Sound are calcifiers (shell - builders), meaning they could be especially sensitive to rising acidity.

New research, led by the University of Southampton, has questioned the role played by ocean acidification, produced by the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs, in the extinction of ammonites and other planktonic calcifiers 66 million years ago.

Workshop report: Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers, A Guide for Further Research (pdf, 8.9 M)

Examples of marine calcifiers from Kleypas et al. 2006: (a) coralline algae (photo by Nancy Sefton; courtesy NOAA / CORIS); (b) Halimeda (photo by James Watt; courtesy NOAA / NMFS); (c) benthic foraminifera (courtesy P. Hallock); (d) reef - building coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus; Cmdr William Harrigan, NOAA Corps; courtesy Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary); (e) deep - water coral (Lophelia pertusa; from 413 m depth off North Carolina.

Acidification shifts the equilibrium of carbonate chemistry in seawater, reducing pH and the concentration of carbonate ions available for corals and other marine calcifiers to use to build their skeletons.

This task can be achieved by providing proxy - based reconstructions of seawater pH, carbonate ion concentrations, and pCO2 along with the response of the marine calcifiers during key intervals of the Late Quaternary.

And when Sebastian accidentally injects himself with heroin instead of a bone calcifier, Nobby has to assume his spy duties for him.

It could be called «neutralization», although (a) the change is demonstrably detrimental to calcifiers and (b) «neutral» has a connotation of «natural» which would be incorrect.

Because if not, «Laboratory experiments revealed that ocean acidification has negative impacts on the fertilization, cleavage, larva, settlement and reproductive stages of several marine calcifiers, including echinoderm, bivalve, coral and crustacean species.

The decreased amount of carbonate makes it harder for many of these «calcifiers» to make their shells and skeletons, weakening or dissolving them.

Increasingly acidic waters due to buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide is diminishing Great Barrier Reef corals, robbing sharks of their predatory senses, and hindering sea stars and other calcifiers in their ability to store calcium carbonate, which is crucial in forming their protective skeletons.

«Further, our hypothesis has implications for the response of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification.