The Defense Energy Support Center, which oversees procurement of biofuel for the Navy, recently awarded a $ 2.7 million contract to Sustainable Oils of Seattle and Bozeman, Mont., for 40,000 gallons
of camelina - based fuel.
The California Air Resources Board has issued Sustainable Oils Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Global Clean Energy Holdings, a feedstock - only pathway for the production
of camelina - based fuels under the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS).
But he said the United States has the potential to produce about 1 billion gallons
of camelina oil a year in areas as diverse as Georgia and New Mexico.
In the first study
of camelina's bioactive properties, Berhow isolated four major components — three glucosinolates and the flavonoid quercetin — from its defatted seed meal.
However, it «displayed greater cold and drought tolerance, so the possibility
of camelina being viable for particular niches in California should be investigated further,» says Kaffka.
Not exact matches
Bio-jet fuels derived from oil - rich feedstocks, such as
camelina and algae, have been successfully tested in proof
of concept flights.
The biofuel came from the
camelina plant, a member
of the mustard family.
In a push toward greener fuels, the Air Force has modified some
of these jets to fly on a biofuel derived from
camelina, a relative
of the mustard plant.
Because the process makes a blend
of hydrocarbons, it does not lack the aromatic compounds that seal aircraft engines, like the biojet fuel produced from
camelina oil by UOP.
This past March, an A-10 Thunderbolt II streaked across the sky near an Ohio Air Force base, powered by a 50 - 50 blend
of standard jet fuel and biofuel made from a plant called
camelina.
Oilseed crops, including rapeseed, canola, and
camelina, contain some
of the same bioactive ingredients — namely, glucosinolates and flavonoids — found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables and in nearly the same quantities, she noted.
A cooperative study by the USDA - ARS and Washington State University researched the effects
of growing oilseed crops —
camelina and safflower — on blowing dust emissions.
Their findings show that adding
camelina or safflower into the crop rotation increased the chances
of wind erosion late in the fallow cycle.
A similar study by Michigan Technological University sponsored by UOP found that jet biofuel from
camelina could reduce emissions
of greenhouse gases by as much as 84 percent and be grown in rotation with wheat crops.
«As had been the case with
camelina's GSL9 and quercetin, the combined effect
of quercetin and sulforaphane — in proportions found naturally in broccoli — was far greater than when either was used alone.
Camelina grower Sustainable Oils — which provided the
camelina oil to make the 1,000 gallons
of jet fuel needed for the KLM flight — plans to cover more than 20,000 hectares in Montana with the weedy relative
of canola, enough to deliver some 9.5 million liters
of raw oil.
AltAir does better by sourcing its bio — jet fuel from oil seed — bearing plants, like
camelina, but that limits the amount that can be planted in rotation with food crops like wheat given constraints on the amount
of land available for the latter.
The
camelina genome was recently sequenced, which has greatly helped Durrett and collaborators as they improve
camelina's oil properties to produce low - viscosity oil — the kind
of oil needed for biofuel.
By modifying the oilseed biochemistry in
camelina, the researchers have achieved very high levels
of an oil with reduced viscosity and improved cold temperature characteristics.
Todaro's firm is growing
camelina on fallow fields in Montana, the Dakotas, Idaho, Washington and the High Plains
of Texas.
Boeing was involved in all four flights, including a Virgin Atlantic flight using a coconut - and babassu - derived biofuel blend; an Air New Zealand flight using a jatropha - derived biofuel blend; a Continental Airlines flight using a blend
of algae - and jatropha - derived biofuel; and a Japan Airlines flight using an algae -, jatropha - and
camelina - derived biofuel blend.
Tom Todaro, CEO
of Targeted Growth, a molecular biology firm that tweaks
camelina and algae genes to create productive feedstocks, said algae is eight to 10 years away from production, whereas
camelina is ready now.
We give our dogs joint supplements, green lipped mussel, ground kelp, calcium, salmon oil,
camelina oil and coconut oil (not all
of the oils are given together), and we recently started giving the adults Revitamal.
Non-food plant sources, such as jatropha and
camelina, are promising, but difficult to produce in large quantities and can end up displacing food crops or lead to deforestation if the price
of fuel rises high enough.
Minimize resources directed at testing and certification
of hydrotreated renewable oils, including oils derived from seed crops (e.g.,
camelina) and algae.