Besides promoting immunogenicity of the thyroglobulin molecule, dietary iodine can enhance levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to expression
of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM - 1) that are crucial to the early phases of thyroid follicular inflammatory responses (3).
Dr. Zutter focuses on the role
of cell adhesion molecules in host - tumor interactions.
We capitalized on one of the innate responses of microvascular endothelial cells, i.e., the up - regulation
of cell adhesion molecules in response to inflammatory agents, to generate endothelial cell lines from different organs.
The apCAM's are members of the immunoglobulin class
of cell adhesion molecules and resemble two neural cell adhesion molecules, NCAM and fasciclin II.
This rapid, transmitter - mediated down - regulation
of a cell adhesion molecule in the sensory neurons may be one of the early molecular changes in long - term synaptic facilitation.
Not exact matches
This drug (vedolizumab) blocks a specific
adhesion molecule on the surface
of the T -
cell and thereby inhibits immune
cells from binding themselves to receptors present in the intestine, preventing the T -
cells from penetrating the blood vessels in the intestinal tissue.
They lie in a region
of chromosome 5 that sits squarely between two genes that produce
cell -
adhesion molecules, which govern how neurons connect to each other.
In a new study, NAIST scientists, in collaboration with researchers at the Osaka National Hospital and University
of Tokyo, report that the L1
Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1 - CAM) is crucial for directed axon migration.
Research groups in Munich, Essen, and Brussels have now detected a highly specific and exceptionally strong variant
of this
adhesion, in which the bacterial surface molecule HopQ binds itself to so - called «Carcinoembryonic Antigen - Related Cell Adhesion Molecules,» or CEACAMs for short, inside the
adhesion, in which the bacterial surface
molecule HopQ binds itself to so - called «Carcinoembryonic Antigen - Related
Cell Adhesion Molecules,» or CEACAMs for short, inside the
Adhesion Molecules,» or CEACAMs for short, inside the stomach.
They coat the pad with a layer
of anti-epithelial
cell adhesion molecules (anti-EpCAM) which bond with CTCs but not with normal
cells.
This growth is associated with a down - regulation in the sensory neuron
of Aplysia
cell adhesion molecules (apCAMs).
The neural
cell adhesion molecule, N - CAM, appears on early embryonic
cells and is important in the formation
of cell collectives and their boundaries at sites
of morphogenesis.
The team at Barts Cancer Institute, part
of Queen Mary University
of London, have found that a
molecule, called focal
adhesion kinase (FAK), signals the body to repair itself after chemotherapy or radiotherapy, which kill cancer
cells by damaging DNA.
The lab previously found that Bam is required to repress the expression
of E-cadherin, a
cell - to -
cell adhesion molecule that tethers adult stem
cells to their tissue niches and promotes GSC self - renewal.
Now a more fine - grained picture
of adhesion mechanics is emerging, thanks to a new tool developed in Illinois in recent years called a «tension gauge tether,» which allows scientists to measure
cell mechanics at the single -
molecule level.
Cells migrate by connecting their cytoskeleton — a network made up
of proteins — to
adhesion molecules which in turn get in contact with the surrounding connective tissue.
A small percentage
of ASD patients carry mutations in genes encoding neuroligins, which are postsynaptic
cell -
adhesion molecules.
However, Professor Auguste's team, discovered the overexpression
of intercellular
adhesion molecule - 1 (ICAM - 1) in human TNBC
cell lines and tissues, and demonstrated that it is a potential molecular target and biomarker for TNBC therapy and diagnosis.
The constitutive and inducible expression
of the endothelial
cell adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM - 1, and VCAM - 1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry (Figs. 4, A — C) ⇓.
The constitutive expression
of these endothelial
cell adhesion molecules was very similar for most
of the lines derived from different organs, i.e., very low expression levels
of E-selectin and VCAM - 1 and more pronounced expression
of ICAM - 1.
The selection strategy targeted
cell populations expressing the inducible endothelial
cell adhesion molecules, E-selectin and VCAM - 1, and proved successful in generating microvascular endothelial
cell lines from a number
of different organs.
Established
cell lines exhibited several inherent endothelial properties, including the expression
of constitutive and inducible levels
of endothelial
cell adhesion molecules E-selectin, intercellular
adhesion molecule - 1, and vascular
cell adhesion molecule - 1, internalization
of acetylated low - density lipoprotein, and formation
of loop structures on Matrigel surfaces.
To determine inducible endothelial
cell adhesion molecule expression (E-selectin, VCAM - 1, and ICAM - 1), some
of the chambers were given medium containing 10 ng / ml TNF - α for 4 — 6 h (these time points were selected to correlate with the known kinetics
of endothelial
cell adhesion molecule expression; Refs.
The ability to up - regulate endothelial
cell adhesion molecules after exposure to cytokines was unaffected by repeated subculturing
of cells, because we noted identical staining patterns for passage 30
cells (we did attempt to extend this observation to include later passage
cells).
However, because IFN - γ is widely known to influence several endothelial properties, such as junctional integrity (21) and
adhesion molecule expression (22), we elected to remove this cytokine from cultures immediately after the second session
of cell selection.
Pilot studies using a variety
of strategies suggested that this goal could be best achieved by stimulating primary organ
cell cultures with TNF - α (10 ng / ml) and targeting
cells expressing the endothelial
cell adhesion molecules E-selectin and VCAM - 1 through a FACS - driven strategy.
The endothelial
cells in insulin - receptor knockout mice expressed more
of the VCAM - 1
adhesion molecule that helps white blood
cells grab onto the growing plaques, and blood vessels gathered four times as many white blood
cells.
Timothy Springer, with colleagues Michael L. Dustin and Charles A. Dinarello, identifies and characterizes
adhesion molecules, a class
of cell surface proteins that function in the interactions
of immune
cells with other
cells, including antigen - specific recognition and
cell trafficking: integrin LFA - 1 involved in cytoskeleton and signaling, and intracellular
adhesion molecules (ICAMs), which are binding partners (ligands) for LFA - 1 and are increased in inflammatory and autoimmune disease.
Nectin - 4 is a
cell adhesion molecule that is expressed on a number
of solid tumor
cells.
In vivo imaging
of endothelial
cell adhesion molecule expression after radiosurgery in an animal model
of arteriovenous malformation.
This locus contains a conserved non-coding element (CNE) upstream
of three neuronal
cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) genes, where the derived «sand» allele appears to disrupt a neuronal transcription factor binding motif.
Expression
of the melanoma
cell adhesion molecule in human mesenchymal stromal
cells regulates proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance
of hematopoietic stem and progenitor
cells.
They will then examine other mouse models with mutations involved in
cell -
adhesion and extracellular matrix
molecules for signs
of RPE diseases.
The anti-inflammatory actions
of platelet endothelial
cell adhesion molecule - 1 do not involve regulation
of endothelial
cell NF - $ ąppa $ B.
Association
of an A-kinase-anchoring protein signaling scaffold with cadherin
adhesion molecules in neurons and epithelial
cells.
Many
of the lysosomal proteases are active at neutral pH and this would mean that they could potentially cleave
cell surface receptors and
cell adhesion molecules.
Almost all
of these small neurons were identified to be cerebellar granule
cells based on their morphology and that they were stained by anti-neural
cell adhesion molecule L1 (Fig. 1A)[19].
Intercellular
adhesion molecule - 1 expression is required on multiple
cell types for the development
of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
His research interests have included the immunogenetics
of diabetes, the biology
of tumour - associated antigens and
cell adhesion molecules, and ethical aspects
of the design
of trials involving human subjects.
Increased expression
of Cd11b - a marker
of macrophages [38] seen with L - arginine admininistration in WNIN / Gr - Ob rats, might be due to increased influx
of inflammatory
cells in the exocrine fraction via
adhesion molecules [17].
Other studies have shown that a family
of proteins called 14 -3-3 are involved in learning along with interesting
cell adhesion molecules of the integrin family and the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid β - peptide; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Ambra1, activating
molecule in Beclin -1-regulated autophagy; AMPK, AMP - activated protein kinase; APP, amyloid precursor protein; AR, androgen receptor; Atg, autophagy - related; AV, autophagic vacuole; Bcl, B -
cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl - 2 homology 3; CaMKKβ, Ca2 + - dependent protein kinase kinase β; CHMP2B, charged multivesicular body protein 2B; CMA, chaperone - mediated autophagy; 2 ′ 5 ′ ddA, 2 ′, 5 ′ - dideoxyadenosine; deptor, DEP - domain containing mTOR - interacting protein; DRPLA, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy; 4E - BP1, translation initiation factor 4E - binding protein - 1; Epac, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK1 / 2, extracellular - signal - regulated kinase 1/2; ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport; FAD, familial AD; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FIP200, focal
adhesion kinase family - interacting protein
of 200 kDa; FoxO3, forkhead box O3; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD3, FTD linked to chromosome 3; GAP, GTPase - activating protein; GR, guanidine retinoid; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; HD, Huntington's disease; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem
cell; hVps, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting homologue; IKK, inhibitor
of nuclear factor κB kinase; IMPase, inositol monophosphatase; IP3R, Ins (1,4,5) P3 receptor; I1R, imidazoline - 1 receptor; JNK1, c - Jun N - terminal kinase 1; LC3, light chain 3; LD, Lafora disease; L - NAME, NG - nitro - L - arginine methyl ester; LRRK2, leucine - rich repeat kinase 2; MIPS, myo - inositol -1-phosphate synthase; mLST8, mammalian lethal with SEC13 protein 8; MND, motor neuron disease; mTOR, mammalian target
of rapamycin; mTORC, mTOR complex; MVB, multivesicular body; NAC, N - acetylcysteine; NBR1, neighbour
of BRCA1 gene 1; NOS, nitric oxide synthase; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase - 1; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDK1, phosphoinositide - dependent kinase 1; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3 - kinase; PI3KC1a, class Ia PI3K; PI3KC3, class III PI3K; PI3KK, PI3K - related protein kinase; PINK1, PTEN - induced kinase 1; PKA, protein kinase A; PLC, phospholipase C; polyQ, polyglutamine; PS, presenilin; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10; Rag, Ras - related GTP - binding protein; raptor, regulatory - associated protein
of mTOR; Rheb, Ras homologue enriched in brain; rictor, rapamycin - insensitive companion
of mTOR; SBMA, spinobulbar muscular atrophy; SCA, spinocerebellar ataxia; SLC, solute carrier; SMER, small -
molecule enhancer
of rapamycin; SMIR, small -
molecule inhibitor
of rapamycin; SNARE, N - ethylmaleimide - sensitive factor - attachment protein receptor; SOD1, copper / zinc superoxide dismutase 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TOR, target
of rapamycin; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; ULK1, UNC -51-like kinase 1; UVRAG, UV irradiation resistance - associated gene; VAMP, vesicle - associated membrane protein; v - ATPase, vacuolar H + - ATPase; Vps, vacuolar protein sorting
Our final review article, from the labs
of Maximilian Boesch (Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland) and Andreas Seeber (Medical University
of Innsbruck, Austria), provides an update on the role
of epithelial
cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in cancer stem
cells (CSCs) and the epithelial ‐ to ‐ mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC).
These results support data suggesting that excess HS oligosaccharides impair function
of cellular
adhesion molecules and disrupt normal polarization and orientation
of cultured MPSIIIB mouse astrocytes or neural stem
cells [52].
By utilizing the tools
of cell and molecular biology, he studies the mechanisms by which chemical (for example, specific
cell adhesion molecules) or mechanical signals (for example, cyclic strain) are sensed by
cells and alter their proliferation and specialization to either promote tissue growth or destruction.
Studies cover a breadth
of topics ranging from single
molecules (molecular motors, DNA - protein interactions, membrane proteins) to cellular functions (
cell adhesion,
cell division,
cell motility, intracellular transport) and the collective behaviour
of cells in tissues and organisms (wound healing, morphogenesis).
This research has centered on biomarkers
of inflammation including interleukin - 6 (IL - 6), vascular
cell adhesion molecule - 1 (VCAM - 1), and lymphocyte function - associated antigen - 1 (LFA - 1).
We therefore conducted a cross-sectional analysis to investigate the relations between magnesium intake and plasma concentrations
of inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers, including CRP, IL - 6, soluble TNF - α receptor 2 (sTNF - R2), E-selectin, soluble intercellular
adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM - 1), and soluble vascular
cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM - 1) in apparently healthy women.
Elevated plasma concentrations
of soluble forms
of endothelial
adhesion molecules, released from shedding or proteolytic cleavage from the endothelial
cell surface, are considered useful indicators
of endothelial dysfunction and activation (20, 25).
The release
of inflammatory cytokines, or intercellular signaling
molecules such as interleukin - 1 (IL - 1), interleukin - 2 (IL - 6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF - α) at the site
of immune activation causes other immune
cells migrating throughout the lymphatic vessels
of the body to express more
cell adhesion molecules (CAMs).