Sentences with phrase «of cell division processes»

The Kops group studies the signaling networks that regulate chromosome segregation, the evolution of cell division processes and the role of chromosomal instability in cancer.

Not exact matches

@Chad: I. Mutations in DNA sequences generally occur through one of two processes: A. Environmental factors: DNA damage from environmental agents such as ultraviolet light (sunshine), nuclear radiation or certain chemicals B. Mistakes that occur when a cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.

Most chromosomal abnormalities are the cause of a damaged egg or sperm cell or are due to a problem at the time that the zygote went through the division process.»

The body wears out, mutations accumulate faster than can be repaired just through the natural process of cell division, cancer grows, arthritis wracks the world worn joints, the child born with tetralogy of Fallot away from surgical care dies.

Researchers were able to date the age of each new clone back to the parent tree by comparing the everyday mutations that happen with known regularity during the process of cell division.

One of the team's new biosensors is made from a nanoplasmonic material that is able to accommodate a large number of cells on a single substrate and to monitor cell proliferation, a fundamental process involving cell growth and division, in real time.

By measuring how the light has changed once it emerges through the other side of the slide, the researchers can detect and monitor processes occurring on the sensor surface, such as cell division.

Even after the principles of epigenetics came to light, it was believed that methylation marks and other epigenetic changes to a parent's DNA were lost during the process of cell division that generates eggs and sperm and that only the gene sequence remained.

This complex biological machine gathers the chromosomes together and sorts them at the time of cell division, then sends them to the opposite poles of the daughter cells in a process called chromosome segregation.

The results show — for the first time, Briggs thinks — that the bacterial genomes change with depth: the micro-organisms at 554 metres carry more mutations in genes that code for energy - related processes like cell division and biosynthesis of amino acids than are seen in their shallower counterparts.

This group also clarified that Shugoshin controls DNA replication (the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division) in subtelomeres as well as higher - order structure of chromosomes.

The researchers observed the effect of the synthetically produced molecule, JK - 31, on the growth and proliferation of a model human breast cancer cell line and found that it effectively blocked the protein cyclin - dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), which plays a key part in the process of the division of cancer cells, and therefore inhibited the proliferation of the cells.

According to Eckmann, «The special thing about these processes is that they involve known molecules with very long evolutionary histories, previously receiving attention as suppressors of tumour formation within the context of normal cell division.

It interferes with the process of meiosis — the form of cell division that creates sex cells, called gametes, like eggs and sperm.

The whole process is reminiscent of trial - and - error learning in which each cell explores — at its own rhythm and independently of cell division — different molecular possibilities (i.e. different genes turned on or off) before reaching a stable combination of active genes and the corresponding morphology.

CdLS is known to result from mutations in subunits or regulators of cohesin, a group of linked proteins necessary for cell division and other cell processes.

«Inflammatory arthritis is caused when immune cells are recruited from the blood into the joint in a highly regulated process controlled by chemoattractants and adhesion receptors,» says Andrew Luster, MD, PhD, chief of the MGH Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, director of the CIID and senior author of the report.

Moffitt Cancer Center researchers have found that a protein called TBK1 plays an important role in the process of cell division, especially at a stage called mitosis.

With careful observation and experiments with mouse oocytes, the precursors of eggs, they've detected molecular signals that create an asymmetry in the machinery that drives meiosis, the cell - division process that gives rise to gametes.

In a bid to progress beyond the shotgun approach to fighting cancer — blasting malignant cells with toxic chemicals or radiation, which kills surrounding healthy cells in the process — researchers at the Harvard - MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST) are using nanotechnology to develop seek - and - destroy models to zero in on and dismantle tumors without damaging nearby normal tissue.

The method has allowed researchers to study key players involved in cell division — which include proteins that form much of the structure of chromosomes, and fragments of DNA that help to orchestrate the process.

Findings from the study could help improve understanding of the causes of some diseases — including cancer — that are triggered by errors in the cell division process, the team says.

The centromere contains proteins that control the delicate process of cell division.

How cell division occurs and is coordinated with organismal development is a subject of intense research interest, as is how this process malfunctions in the development of tumors.

A complex, interacting network of proteins controls all of a cell's processes, from metabolism to growth and division.

«Maybe at the one - cell or two - cell stage,» Eggan and his colleagues reasoned, «there's still some of that stuff in there...» And if they picked the right moment of cell division, when these powerful reprogramming factors were still floating around in the periphery of the cell, they might be able to use drugs to temporarily freeze the cell in the middle of division, stick in the needle of a micromanipulator to suck out the embryonic DNA, squirt in DNA from an adult animal, and then kick - start the process of reprogramming — hours, perhaps even days after an egg had been fertilized.

The shortening of telomeres is a process that occurs naturally in the body each time that a cell divides: during cell division the DNA, which is tightly packaged into chromosomes, must be duplicated but the DNA - copying machinery design itself, prevents the full replication of the ends of the chromosomes.

All are driven by cells and genes that escape the normal process of division and begin their own plan to replicate in the body.

It is key for positioning the formation of individual microtubules in plant cells and also important for the organization and function of plant cell skeletons overall, beyond just the division process.

Typically the process of tracking cell lineage over time requires biologists to watch the time - lapse images and note by hand when the cells multiply - creating a graphic representation of cell division over time called a «lineage tree.»

If this modification of the protein entry gate can no longer take place, the process of cell division — and ultimately also growth — is slowed down.

The Yamashita lab used stem cells from the testes of the fruit fly Drosophila to study the process of cell division.

For proteins in the cytosol, the liquid inside the cell, these random molecular processes include differences in the break - down of proteins, or random partitioning into the two cells that form during cell division.

Such an autocatalytic system also provides an entirely novel mechanism for the growth of ring - shaped structures, which differs fundamentally from that used for daughter cell segregation in eukaryotic cell division: In eukaryotes, specific motor proteins which attach to the cell membrane and undergo active contraction are essential for this process, Denk points out.

The findings suggest that the information on the X and Y chromosomes that makes this division possible is primed during gametogenesis — the process of creating ovum or sperm cells — in the parents.

Baumann suspects that it could happen over two rounds of replication or if two sex cells combine forces before the division process starts.

Her hope is that this fundamental understanding of Stentor's regeneration process will help clarify the connections between regeneration and cell division, leading to new, broader insights about how cells produce and maintain their shape.

While the role of chTOG in microtubule assembly during cell division has been widely studied, not much is known regarding TACC3 and its contribution to the process.

«We also managed to confirm observations from previous microscopy studies that suggested that cellular regeneration shares similarities with the process of cell division.

Under those conditions, the cells go through a division process that has «all the hallmarks of meiosis,» says Handel, who helped develop a set of standards for documenting that process in a dish.

The scientists looked at a process known as meiosis, which unlike normal cell division (mitosis) has two rounds of nuclear division, to ensure that when sex cells fuse with each other, they have two copies of each chromosome — one from each parent!

«But we don't yet know much about the mechanical side of things, and cell division is a very mechanical process.»

Most significantly, the activated T cells — the soldiers that fight germs — not only produce large amounts of cytokines (chemical messengers that help to coordinate a counterattack) but also enter the cell cycle, a process that normally leads to cell division and proliferation.

But most of our 23,000 genes are involved in fundamental processes such as cell division, and do not have any known effects on our character.

Triggered to act when the gut becomes inflamed, miR - 34a forces the process of asymmetrical division, helping to control normal stem cell populations.

His research interests are the mechanisms and regulation of chromosome segregation during mitotic cell division, and the development of software tools for accessing, processing, sharing, and publishing large scientific image datasets.

The latest findings from Sullivan's lab, published in the June 5 issue of Journal of Cell Biology, reveal new aspects of a remarkable mechanism that carries broken chromosomes through the process of cell division so that they can be repaired and function normally in the daughter ceCell Biology, reveal new aspects of a remarkable mechanism that carries broken chromosomes through the process of cell division so that they can be repaired and function normally in the daughter cecell division so that they can be repaired and function normally in the daughter cells.

Telomeres — repeating DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that become shorter with each cell division — have long tantalized biologists seeking to understand and control the aging process.

«Why premature cell division promotes cancers: Researchers have discovered how genes responsible for cell division, when mutated, disrupt the replication process of the genome and promote tumor formation.»

The consistent segregation of these regions, in the same way in every cell, suggests that these processes could drive chromosome and genome folding and thus regulate important cellular events such as DNA replication and cell division.