Sentences with phrase «of cell signaling molecules»

Interferon - proteins are a family of cell signaling molecules that play a crucial role in the immune system's antiviral defenses.

Not exact matches

CRAC channels control the entry of calcium into immune and other cell types, and calcium is an important intracellular signaling molecule that modulates cytokine production and the immune response.

In the direct reprogramming, the researchers exposed the adult skin cells to a specific mix of signaling molecules the scientists» past research had found would convert healthy skin cells directly into a type of brain cell called medium spiny neurons, without intermediate steps along the way.

Mitochondria, specialized organelles found in nearly every cell of the body, use cellular respiration to generate one of the most important sources of chemical energy — adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a versatile nucleotide that powers everything from cell division to cell signaling to transportation of large molecules across the cell membrane.

He and his colleagues discovered many of the key molecules and signaling systems that guide nerve cells to make connections during development of the nervous system.

Levels of a nerve cell signaling molecule called substance P — measured in tear samples — might be a useful marker of diabetes - related nerve damage (neuropathy), suggests a study in the July issue of Optometry and Vision Science, the official journal of the American Academy of Optometry.

Researchers filled in other details about the selective role of LKB1 in regulatory T cells, including that the molecule unexpectedly works through the Wnt signaling pathway to adjust regulatory T cell function.

Loss of LKB1 by regulatory T cells was also associated with increased levels of signaling molecules or cytokines associated with the Th2 immune response, Kai said.

The receptor then triggers the release inside the cell of a second signal: a molecule called cyclic AMP (cAMP).

In the melanoma cell to its right, red indicates activity of a signaling molecule called PI3 - kinase.

Researchers still don't know how this range corresponds to their versatile functions, but being more like a string than like a lump with keyholes means that a protein can make many contacts with other molecules to regulate the network of signals that drives the cell.

In mice with pancreatic tumors, Kalbasi and other members of the team found relatively high levels of inflammatory compounds including CCL2, the signaling molecule that activates CCR2 on monocytes and macrophages to make these cells migrate to tumors.

Latest research from the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS, Bangalore), now shows that maintaining Calcium balance in cells is also needed for another purpose — it may be regulating the levels of an important signalling molecule called dopamine in the brain.

The researchers found in a study in colon cancer cells that AIM2 limits the activation of the signaling molecule Akt.

When the environment is favorable, neurons alert egg cells to ramp up production of signaling molecules called prostaglandins.

Other researchers have shown that the ability of microglia to engulf dead neurons depends on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a ubiquitous energy source and signalling molecule that is released from damaged cells.

Saitou's efforts to find out precisely what is needed to make germ cells, to get rid of superfluous signals and to note the exact timing of various molecules at work, impressed his colleagues.

The dynamics of the loops are important for the binding of signalling molecules inside and outside of the cell.

Cell biologists would like to reduce the complex communication patterns traced by molecules that regulate the health of the cell to a set of signaling ruCell biologists would like to reduce the complex communication patterns traced by molecules that regulate the health of the cell to a set of signaling rucell to a set of signaling rules.

Atoh1, also known as Math1, makes a signalling molecule known to orchestrate the development of hair cells in embryos.

One of the four new reported loci is expected to lower the protein expression of UBASH3A, a molecule that regulates T - cell signaling and correlates with lowering the risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Mice without Del - 1 that had been induced to get EAE also had significantly higher numbers of inflammatory cells in their spinal cords at the disease's peak, a fact that further experiments revealed was due to increased levels of the signaling molecule IL - 17.

It is comprised of lipid signaling molecules called endocannabinoids — which can be thought of as the body's own «natural cannabis» — that bind to cannabinoid receptors located on cells throughout the body.

The ability to track markers inside and outside a cell simultaneously, and to map them atop images showing the cell's shape, is also helping researchers study the metabolic effects of signaling molecules, such as G - protein - coupled receptors.

Then there's the West Palm Beach symposium, held to recruit participants for a study testing what happens when aging people get infusions of plasma (the fluid part of blood packed with signaling proteins and other molecules but no red or white cells) from young people who've taken a drug meant to activate their immune system.

Frey and his colleagues made use of mathematical models to analyze the complex interplay between ecological factors and population dynamics, and were able to demonstrate that populations can indeed respond in a coordinated fashion to chemical information even when the signal molecules are generated by only a subset of the cells.

Breast cancer cells were bathed in a nutrient - rich liquid, and, as the cancer cells grew, the investigators detected secretions of a signaling molecule called interleukin - 6 (IL6) in the liquid.

The authors note that more work must be done, however, because only one of these species engaged in a full cycle of listening and speaking in which the artificial cells sensed the molecules coming from the bacteria, and the bacteria could perceive the chemical signal sent in return.

One study showed that ovarian tumors produce a signaling molecule that serves to attract regulatory T cells, a subclass of adaptive immune cells responsible for quieting other T cells.

Its analgesic effect stems from the compound's ability to inhibit the production of cytokines and chemokines, which are small signaling molecules that attract inflammatory macrophages to the nerve cells.

When a THC molecule binds to one of these CB1 receptors, it changes form, triggering a cascade of various signals inside the cell.

The study focused on the serotonin transporter, a molecule that regulates the amount of serotonin signaling between brain cells and is a major target for treatment of depression and mood disorders.

In a study being published in the journal Neuron, researchers show that the signal molecule TGF - beta acts as a time signal that regulates the nerve stem cells» potential at different stages of the brain's development — knowledge that may be significant for future pharmaceutical development.

When the CD4 on the CAR molecule binds to HIV, other regions of the CAR molecule signal the cell to become activated and kill the HIV infected cell.

Advances in understanding the cells and molecules that transmit pain signals are providing new targets for drugs that could relieve various kinds of pain — including those poorly controlled by existing therapies

But mounting evidence implicates the immune system in the overproduction of cell - signalling molecules called cytokines, which stimulate skin cells called keratinocytes to express genes that maintain an inflammatory microenvironment.

Eventually he found that if he treated GRP cells with a special signaling molecule, they generated a type of astrocyte called GDA (glial - restricted precursor derived astrocyte).

An international consortium under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Thomas Laux, a biologist from the University of Freiburg, has identified the transcription factor WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX (WOX) 5 as the signal molecule, showing that it moves through pores from the cells inside the quiescent centre into the stem cells.

To address such obstacles, Roybal, now an assistant professor at the University of California, San Francisco and his colleague Leonardo Morsut turned to a signaling molecule on T cells called the Notch receptor, known to be involved in several developmental and biological processes.

I ache to see your action potential in action To be blinded by the searing speed of your electric signal As it sparks from node to node To behold the violent beauty of vesicles fusing with your presynaptic membrane — Pouring their contents into your synaptic cleft How I wish to be your postsynaptic cell So that I may be flooded by your molecules

While the PS is moving across the cell membrane and looking for a stronger chemical signal, only a few molecules of the breaking protein Cdc24 are present in the machinery.

As a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard Medical School, he investigated the use of small - molecule drugs to manipulate signaling pathways to enable otherwise senescent progenitor cells of the cochlea to divide and form new sensory cells.

In lymph nodes, a particular type of stromal cells that forms a scaffold for lymphocytes to crawl around within the node normally secretes an enzyme called autotaxin, which is responsible for the production of the lipid signaling molecule, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA).

During the 2008 relapse, the researchers found that immune cells in tissues with active colitis produced large quantities of an inflammatory signaling molecule named interluekin - 17 (IL - 17), but very little IL - 22, the latter of which has been linked to wound healing and mucus production.

FosB is a transcription factor in the brain which, together with other molecules, is involved in so - called signal transduction (transmission of stimuli to the cells), that is to say conveys genetic information between the cells and also determines whether certain genes are activated or not.

Tucked into the internal surface of the cell's outer membrane, these versatile molecules coordinate cellular responses to a multitude of signals that impinge from without

Gangliosides are lipid molecules that were proposed to play key roles in numerous biological processes, including the formation of raft domains, the entry of toxins into cells and chemical signal reception.

A signaling pathway is a group of molecules in a cell that work together to control one or more cell functions.

«Our main challenge was to find the right timing and concentration of the signaling molecules that would yield V2a interneurons instead of other neuronal cell types, such as motor neurons,» said first author Jessica Butts, a graduate student in the McDevitt lab.

«If further studies validate that these processes are critical in human breast cancers,» Koshy notes, «the possibility exists that agents that favorably modify the biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix, or that target the receptors and signaling molecules associated with how cells sense this matrix, could be used as a new avenue for the prevention or treatment of breast cancers.»