Sentences with phrase «of cell types in the body»

Embryonic stem (ES) cells, harvested from three - and - a-half-day-old mouse embryos or five - and - a-half-day-old human embryos, are referred to as pluripotent because they can become any of the thousands of cell types in the body.

Not exact matches

Furthermore, nerve cells have a relationship to all other types of living cells in the body.

An enzyme is a type of protein that creates a chemical reaction in the cells of the body.

To develop their «disease in a dish» model, the team took skin cells from patients with Allan - Herndon - Dudley syndrome and reprogrammed them into induced pluripotent stem cells, which then can be developed into any type of tissue in the body.

Because they can differentiate into almost any cell type in the body, stem cells have the potential to be used to create healthy cells to treat a number of diseases.

If the body can not produce insulin (as is the case in people with type 1 diabetes), or if the cells ignore or resist insulin (as is common in type 2 individuals), blood glucose levels rise, sparking the crippling complications of diabetes.

As the heart starts pumping a primitive blood - like fluid around the body of an embryo, the change in pressure from the flowing liquid is the cue for cells lining the aorta to change first into blood stem cells, then into all blood - cell types in the body.

The molecules — called SMAD2 and SMAD3 — can enhance the efficiency of converting mature cells into induced pluripotent stem cells, which have the distinctive ability to become any type of cell found in the body.

Bone marrow transplants are sometimes needed to treat immune diseases that attack these stem cells, or in certain types of anaemia, in which the body can't make enough blood cells or clotting factors.

One advantage of this method is that it only activates a certain type of immune cell, the dendritic cell or T - cell, and only in one part of the body, near the draining lymph nodes or tumor, which helps cut down on the system - wide side effects often seen with chemotherapy.

This new type of power source is modeled after rows of cells called electrocytes in the electric organ that runs along an electric eel's body.

Culled from embryos barely 4 or 5 days old, these cells are versatile shape - shifters that can mature into any type of cell in the body — a trait that's made them crucial to research.

In this type of diabetes, the body destroys insulin - producing cells in the pancreas, resulting in high blood glucose levelIn this type of diabetes, the body destroys insulin - producing cells in the pancreas, resulting in high blood glucose levelin the pancreas, resulting in high blood glucose levelin high blood glucose levels.

The four children also had more of the types of species that are known to trigger gut inflammation, a possible prelude to type - 1 diabetes, in which the body's immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that attack and destroy the beta cells of the pancreas that normally make insulin.

Murphy found that the normal pattern of gene activation seen in aging wild - type C. elegans was reversed in the body cells and oocytes of IGF - 1 mutants.

Dr Matthew Hobbs, Head of Research for Diabetes UK, said: «We know that preserving or restoring even relatively small levels of insulin secretion in Type 1 diabetes can prevent hypoglycaemia (low glucose levels) and reduce complications and therefore much research has focused on ways to make new cells that can be transplanted into the body.

Building upon their earlier research on the biology of fat metabolism, Joslin scientists discovered that microRNAs - small RNA molecules that play important roles in regulation in many types of tissue — play a major role in the distribution and determination of fat cells and whole body metabolism.

Since those discoveries, researchers have found that nearly every cell in the body contains a circadian clock, and almost every gene follows circadian rhythms in at least one type of cell.

By turning on a several genes in adult cells, scientists can transform skin or blood cells into stem cells that can become every cell type in the body — without the ethical and practical complications of using embryos or oocytes.

The majority of cells in the human body are blood cells, which comprise many different types that are continuously produced during the life of an organism.

It's fairly easy to make iPSCs from a person's cells, which then have the potential to grow into any type of cell in the body.

«But mounting evidence confirming angiotropism and EVMM has revolutionized the knowledge of how cancer spreads through the body to the point that other scientists have confirmed the process in other solid tumor cell types such as pancreatic cancer.»

What he instead plans to do is turn the iPSCs into blood - forming stem cells, which when transplanted into the body would give rise to all of the cell types found in the blood.

Now a UC Santa Barbara researcher has added to that body of knowledge by determining how stem cells produce different types of «daughter» cells in Drosophila (fruit flies).

Each of these cells, called naive, pre-implantation embryonic cells, has the capacity to develop into any cell type in the human body, an ability called pluripotency.

Their finding explains an apparent paradox in which proteins linked to a series of genetic diseases can be found in cells throughout the body, but impact only on some tissue types.

This ball of cells contains «pluripotent stem cells» — blank slates that can be programed into any type of cell in the body — and researchers are hoping to use these stem cells to treat various conditions, including infertility.

The results help fill in the scientific puzzle kicked off by Dolly's cloning, which proved that mammalian egg cells were capable of dissolving the genetic roadblocks that limit the potential of most adult cells to give rise to only a single type of tissue — that of the organ from which they hail — whereas embryonic stem cells have the potential to become virtually any kind of body tissue.

Researchers do not know if the same thing would work for other types of cancer or cancer cells lodged in other body organs.

There are about as many microbial cells in our body as our own cells, and they appear to be transmitted from mother to child during birth and continually altered by the home environment, type of diet, medications and even the family pet.

The remarkable discovery that it is possible to turn skin cells back to an embryonic state, when they have the potential to become any type of cell in the body, could open up a huge range of possibilities.

These individual transcriptomes can be used to define cell types and to understand the functions of healthy and diseased cells in the human body.

In this case, it was not by using a special formula of transcription factors, but by inducing damage to tell the body to repair itself and that it needs new cells of a certain type to do that.

The research, published in the journal Scientific Reports, shows for the first time that the way in which fat is made within the body is not «pre-programmed» during the early years of development as previously thought but even in adulthood cells can be influenced by our environment to change the type of fat that is formed.

The HFEA has been a very thoughtful, deliberative body that has provided rational oversight of sensitive research areas, and this establishes a strong precedent for allowing this type of research to go forward,» says George Daley, a stem - cell biologist at Children's Hospital Boston in Massachusetts.

Dr Yu said this type of killer T cell was naturally found in the body during infection, but their numbers and killing function needed to be boosted to allow them to eradicate chronic infections.

Hydrochlorothiazide increased the risk of basal cell carcinoma, which is the least serious type of skin cancer, as well as of squamous cell carcinoma, which is more aggressive and in some cases manages to spread to other parts of the body.

Of the 37 trillion cells in the typical human body, the ability to distinguish one type of cell from another isn't as straightforward as you may thinOf the 37 trillion cells in the typical human body, the ability to distinguish one type of cell from another isn't as straightforward as you may thinof cell from another isn't as straightforward as you may think.

The two cell types are important to a broad range of organ systems in the body and play active roles in diseases that could be targets for nucleic acid therapies.

«From a health perspective, oxidative stress in the cells causes different types of damage in the body, for example, skin ageing or various infections, contributing to illnesses such as arthritis and Alzheimer's,» says Harri Latva - Mäenpää.

As «immature» somatic cells, stem cells can mature into different types of cells, thus making them responsible for the development of all the tissues and organs in the body.

In principle, we hope to engineer T cells or other cell types to reside in the body long - term and produce therapeutics if they recognize disease or recurrence of diseasIn principle, we hope to engineer T cells or other cell types to reside in the body long - term and produce therapeutics if they recognize disease or recurrence of diseasin the body long - term and produce therapeutics if they recognize disease or recurrence of disease.

This work, which appeared online in Cell, sheds light on the development and function of a cell type that is increasingly recognized as having an important role in the body's immune defeCell, sheds light on the development and function of a cell type that is increasingly recognized as having an important role in the body's immune defecell type that is increasingly recognized as having an important role in the body's immune defense.

These cells — capable of generating all cell types in the body — could be used as the «Lego bricks» to build tissue constructs, larger structures of tissues, and potentially even micro-organs.

Studies in animals suggest that mesenchymal stem cells play important roles in the body's ability to heal after an injury, although researchers are still working out the signals and steps required to steer their differentiation into one type of tissue or another.

The challenge for the future now lies in finding a suitable type of «grit» for this black ice that slows down the proliferation of leukemia cells to normal levels without damaging the other healthy cells in the body.

While it is present on a number of different types of cells in the body, it is expressed at higher levels on metastatic tumour cells, including those which have spread from the lung.

While stem cells — cells that have the potential to differentiate into other types of cells — exist in adult humans, the most useful stem cells are those found in embryos, which are pluripotent, capable of becoming nearly any cell in the body.

In humans with type 2 diabetes, cells lose the ability to respond to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate the level of sugar in the bodIn humans with type 2 diabetes, cells lose the ability to respond to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate the level of sugar in the bodin the body.

After collecting skin cells from people with and without schizophrenia, Gage and team genetically reprogrammed the cells to become pluripotent stem cells, with the youthful ability to give rise to any of the more than 200 cell types in the body.