«Metabolic activities are at the nexus
of cellular homeostasis and generate thousands of intermediates and by - products as metabolites,» explained Wang.
Fusion of biological membranes is an essential process required for basic functions like transport of material within the cell, maintenance
of cellular homeostasis and communication between cells.
Not exact matches
Therefore, cells have developed another strategy to get rid
of faulty mitochondrial proteins and maintain
cellular homeostasis,» says Park.
A forward genetic screen in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) identified mutant copies, or alleles,
of a gene called cacophony associated with defects in autophagy and
cellular homeostasis.
Recently, researchers have begun to describe the function
of autophagy, a
cellular recycling process critical for
homeostasis, in germline stem - cell proliferation
of C. elegans.
Like this, the researchers from Jena, Berlin and Duisburg - Essen were able to conclude that lifespan extension in rodents can be attributed to changes in their defense against free radicals, iron
homeostasis as well as
cellular respiration and translation as central parts
of the growth program.
«Our research reveals a new regulatory mechanism that coordinates two distinct intracellular processes that are critical to
cellular homeostasis and disease development,» said Chengyu Liang, M.D., Ph.D., a member
of the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and principal investigator
of the study.
Identification
of proteins that regulate
cellular homeostasis of lipids and proteins (Carvalho group, Science 2014, J Cell Biol 2015, EMBO J 2016).
Understanding the molecular connections between the local regulation
of subcellular
homeostasis and axon morphogenesis is therefore a critical challenge in
cellular neurobiology.
We investigated the role
of Srf in two
cellular compartments
of mouse skeletal muscle (myofibers and adult muscle stem cells) upon different perturbation
of muscle
homeostasis (hypertrophy, atrophy, regeneration).
Loss
of OPA1 disturbs
cellular calcium
homeostasis and sensitizes for excitotoxicity.
For setting cancer in the context
of ageing tissue, study
of normal adult
homeostasis is important — we are studying mutational processes, clonal dynamics and
cellular competition in thousands
of non-cancerous cells and samples from a range
of tissue types, in health and disease.
This extreme morphology raises many
cellular challenges: in particular, the delay required to transport organelles and cargo from the soma to distant parts
of the axon can reach several hours and is incompatible with the rapid adaptation
of subcellular
homeostasis.
The protein may play a role in the regulation
of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or
cellular calcium / phosphate
homeostasis.
Royet will present his latest data dissecting the
cellular and molecular mechanisms by which one single microbiota - derived compound, peptidoglycan, influences the behavior, the physiology, and the
homeostasis of its infected host.
Peroxynitrates results in lipid peroxidation
of membranes and cause disturbances in tissue
homeostasis that is severe enough to cause
cellular damage and eventually cell death (Beattie et al., 2000).
Examples
of these include cell proliferation, intracellular targeting, cell polarity, membrane traffic, cell migration, stem cell biology, chromatin regulation and function, differentiation, morphogenesis and biomechanics, and regeneration and
cellular homeostasis, as well as developmental roles
of genes,
cellular structural dynamics, and signaling pathways.
The goals
of this initiative are to understand
cellular and molecular processes required for brain
homeostasis and to identify deficiencies in neurological and neurodegenerative disease.
In the case
of cellular amino acid
homeostasis, many examples will be drawn from cancer cells, for which the understanding is more complete than for other cell types.
My laboratory investigates metabolite - directed communication systems in orchestrating
cellular homeostasis and organismal health span, by harnessing the power
of functional genomics in Caenorhabditis elegans with metabolomics, chemical engineering, and optical biophysics.»
The researchers found that loss
of collagen VII not only affected the composition
of the
cellular microenvironment but also led to global changes in cell
homeostasis on mRNA and on protein level.
Here are some
of the compelling findings on cognitive ability, gut health and immunity, telomere lengthening,
cellular homeostasis and longevity — all processes that, if optimized, can result in graceful aging.
The «Meet Our Scientists» video entitled «Our relative the fly» presents the research performed by Marco Millán on the
cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation
of tissue growth during normal development, tissue
homeostasis, and tumorigenesis.
Deciphering the prevalence and functional impact
of this post-transcriptional control layer requires technologies for disrupting RREs without perturbing
cellular homeostasis.
We also employ this technology to probe the functionality
of an entire MRE network under
cellular homeostasis, and show that high - resolution analysis
of the GenERA dataset can be used to extract functional features
of MREs.
Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because
of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron
homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation
of endogenous
cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation
of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products
of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state
of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent
cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.
''... we hypothesize that repeated stress - related allostatic overload may affect brain function at three basic levels: (a) at the
cellular level, it may compromise proteostasis (e.g. tau protein), organelles
homeostasis, and induce epigenetic changes in neuronal DNA; (b) at the tissue level it may affect intracellular communication (synaptic contacts), number
of cells (reduction
of neuronal density), composition
of the extracellular matrix (accumulation
of amyloid plaques), and neuroinflammation; (c) at the systemic levels it may alter the brain's regulation
of behavior (cognitive decline).
At any given time, the liver is releasing a constant supply
of amino acids to skeletal muscle for maintaining blood sugar levels and supporting
cellular protein
homeostasis.
Both
of these molecules sense
cellular energy
homeostasis and nutrient balance, most notably in the context
of calorie restriction and exercise.