Sentences with phrase «of cellular mitochondria»

Researchers theorize interval training is beneficial because it increases the number and health of cellular mitochondria.

Not exact matches

To help make ideas about energy more concrete, for example, the new unit will use a variety of analogies from more familiar physical systems (e.g., combustion and charging a cellphone battery) to help students understand those same energy - releasing and energy - requiring chemical reactions and energy transfer when they occur in living organisms (e.g., cellular respiration, creating a charge across a membrane in mitochondria and nerve cells) where the reactions are more complex and difficult to observe.

Mitochondria, specialized organelles found in nearly every cell of the body, use cellular respiration to generate one of the most important sources of chemical energy — adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a versatile nucleotide that powers everything from cell division to cell signaling to transportation of large molecules across the cell membrane.

The idea is the mitochondria — the cellular energy generators — in these primitive cells function better than those in the eggs of women struggling to conceive.

The affected mitochondria could no longer provide the synapses with enough energy, which ultimately prevented the synapses from functioning — providing the first direct link between cellular injury caused by amyloid protein and the characteristic breakdown of neuronal communication that occurs in Alzheimer's patients.

A magnified transmission electron microscopy view of the rat nucleus accumbens neurons containing mitochondria in different cellular compartments.

When exposed to cold, clusters of cells within the body's white fat become beige — a color change that reflects the creation of more energy - producing mitochondria, cellular components that enable cells to burn calories and give off heat.

Instead of mitochondria (the cellular engines that convert oxygen to energy, present in all other known animal cells), these creatures contain structures resembling hydrogenosomes, the organelles that anaerobic microbes use to generate energy.

At a cellular level, brown fat cells are crammed full of energy - generating mitochondria, which give the cells their brown color.

Previous studies have linked telomeres to the function of mitochondria (essential cell organelles that act as cellular power plants) and vice versa.

With the discovery of ZBTB48's novel linkage between telomeres and mitochondria, which both have key roles in cellular ageing, we will also be studying whether this interplay contributes to telomere maintenance.»

The major part of the energy necessary for cellular activity is provided by mitochondria.

Although other «three - parent» babies were born in the 1990s, they were created using a different technique in which mitochondria and other cellular material from the eggs of healthy donors were transferred into the eggs of the mothers, which were then fertilized with the fathers» sperm.

One group theorizes that eukaryotes emerged in a rapid burst, driven by the acquisition of the cellular energy factories known as mitochondria.

Most important of all seem to be the tiny powerhouses called mitochondria that fuel cellular development.

«The field really is hung up over the question of whether the bulk of eukaryotic cellular complexity arose before, during or after the evolution of mitochondria,» Archibald said.

They found that by attaching to a mitochondrial protein called TOM20, alpha - synuclein prevented the mitochondria from functioning optimally, which resulted in the production of less energy and more damaging cellular waste.

Dr. Jan Höpker, Dr. Silke Oeljeklaus, Prof. Dr. Nikolaus Pfanner, Dr. Sebastian Stiller, Prof. Dr. Bettina Warscheid, Prof. Dr. Nils Wiedemann and their team of researchers have demonstrated that this protein complex is essential for the integration of certain proteins into the inner membrane of mitochondria — proteins that play a role in cellular respiration and other processes.

«We found that mitochondria communicate changes in cellular organization to initiate a specific metabolic reconfiguration that supports primitive hMSC properties,» said Dr. Teng Ma, senior author of the STEM CELLS study..

In the mitochondria of animal are oxidized to run the cellular machinery

Because the amount of ROS present in cells is tightly regulated by iron - dependent processes in the mitochondria (the cellular compartments in which energy is generated), the researchers had proposed iron import into the mitochondria to be essential for this process.

«Secrets of a cellular nanomachine revealed: Learning how any molecule passes through any membrane: Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of our cells, because they generate chemical energy similar to that obtained from a battery.»

To accomplish this deception biologically, Bartfai and Conti genetically engineered mice to overexpress uncoupling protein 2, which causes the mitochondria in cells to produce heat instead of ATP, the fuel source of cellular activity.

Previous research has described at least some of the fundamental processes involved in healthy, on - going peripheral nerve growth regeneration, including the critical role of mitochondria — cellular organelles that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy - carrying molecule found in all cells that is vital to driving nerve recovery after injury.

Bradley, Edwards, Shapiro, and their colleagues sequenced part of a gene from the samples» mitochondria, cellular components responsible for generating a cell's energy.

The diseases in question affect mitochondria, which are cellular energy producers that carry their own set of genes.

Mitochondria provide another cellular service: synthesizing clusters of iron and sulfur that are essential helpers for a variety of proteins.

The recent development of genetically - encoded fluorescent biosensors specific to glutathione (GSH), the most abundant cellular redox buffer, has facilitated the IGB research group's discovery of distinct alterations of glutathione redox potentials in the cytosol versus mitochondria within the cell.

In 2011, UT Southwestern researchers in Dr. Levine's laboratory identified the protein Smurf1 as important for the elimination of viruses and damaged mitochondria from cells via a cellular housekeeping process called autophagy.

The third parameter — the spatial distribution of NADH in the cells — shows how the mitochondria split and fuse in response to cellular growth and stress.

They have larger muscles than the forelimbs, along with a greater density of mitochondria — the cellular components which convert nutrients into energy — suggesting they might be capable of doing quite a bit of work.

Lane believes the crucial step in the evolution of the eukaryotes was acquiring mitochondria, which would have provided the energy to develop more complicated cellular processes and acquire a larger genome.

In the Nature Communications study, UTSW researchers also reported how miR - 17 causes cyst proliferation: the molecule essentially reprograms the metabolism of kidney cells so that cellular structures called mitochondria use less nutrients, freeing up resources to instead make cell parts that become cysts.

They counted each of the contact points between two cellular organelles — the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria — and demonstrated for the first time that the number of these connections, called MAMs, markedly increase during obesity.

Older adults who take a novel antioxidant that specifically targets cellular powerhouses, or mitochondria, see age - related vascular changes reverse by the equivalent of 15 to 20 years within six weeks, according to new University...

Mitochondria are well - defined cytoplasmic organelles, which take part in a variety of cellular metabolic functions.

The short string of DNA contained in the mitochondria (mDNA) which accounts for only a small fraction of the total cellular DNAaccumulates mutations at a relatively regular rate and so researchers can use variations in its genes to measure evolutionary changes.

Based on the previous evidences, it rusults important to maintain cellular NAD + availability especially in mitochondria when stresses induce a major consumption of NAD + and ATP and prone the organism more susceptible to ROS damages.

Current efforts focus on elucidating the role of molecular chaperones compartmentalized in mitochondria in regulating tumor bioenergetics, adaptation to cellular stress and cell survival.

Our moxFPs currently represent one of the most inert solutions for imaging in a variety of cellular compartments including the secretory pathway (Figure 2), the inner membrane space of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the extracellular milieu, and gram negative bacteria periplasm.

Yusuke did his graduate work in Dr Yukiko Gotoh lab at University of Tokyo and joined the Polleux lab in 2013 where he studies the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying presynaptic capture of mitochondria.

The tripods in turn can form prism - like structures, 100 nanometers on each side, that begin to approach the size of cellular organelles such as mitochondria.

Mitochondria are the engines that drive cellular life, but these complex machines are vulnerable to a wide range of breakdowns, and hundreds of their component parts remain a functional mystery.

We humans have descended from organisms that adapted to living in a prokaryotic world, and we humans retain (conserved in evolutionary terms) in our Eukaraotic mitochondria the cellular machinery to power our cells that we inherited (i.e., Endosymbiosis) from the prokaryotes of deep time on earth.

SAN FRANCISCO, CA — A new study from the Gladstone Institutes shows for the first time that impairments in mitochondria — the brain's cellular power plants — can deplete cellular energy levels and cause neuronal dysfunction in a model of neurodegenerative disease.

This DNA becomes damaged in the course of normal cellular processes, and certain forms of mitochondrial DNA damage - to the thirteen genes needed for oxidative phosphorylation - produce malfunctioning mitochondria that can overtake their cells, either by replicating more readily or being more resistant to quality control mechanisms.

The cells had defective mitochondria — cellular power stations — and depleted levels of ATP, which is their most important fuel source.

------------------------------------------------------------------------ Each cell in the body is dependent on the efficient generation of cellular energy by mitochondria to stay alive.

Certain particle compounds may directly generate ROS in vivo because of their surface chemistry (eg, metals, organic compounds, and semiquinones) or after bioactivation by cytochrome P450 systems (eg, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon conversion to quinones).6, 290 a, 290 b A particle surface or anions present on otherwise more inert particles may disrupt iron homeostasis in the lung and thereby also generate ROS via Fenton reactions.291 Other PM constituents may do so indirectly by the upregulation of endogenous cellular sources (eg, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]-RRB- oxidase) 292,293 or by perturbing organelle function (eg, mitochondria) by taken - up PM components.261 Particle stimulation of irritant and afferent ANS fibers may also play a role in local and systemic oxidative stress formation.294 Given the rich antioxidant defenses in the lung fluid, secondarily generated oxidization products of endogenous molecules (eg, oxidized phospholipids, proteins) or a reduction in endogenous antioxidants per se may be responsible at least in part for the state of oxidative stress in the lungs (along with instigating the subsequent cellular responses) rather than ROS derived directly from PM and its constituents.

You have trillions of little energy factories that are cellular organelles called mitochondria that help your body run.