Sentences with phrase «of cellular organisms»

With just 121 protein - coding genes, the diminutive Tremblaya princeps, a symbiotic bacterium that lives inside specialized cells of the sap - eating mealybug, has the smallest known genome of any cellular organism on the planet.

Hockaday treats plastic clamshell containers with the same detail as protozoa, allowing the spaces within and between shapes to take on the characteristics of a cellular organism.

Not exact matches

Companies that operate in the Biotechnology industry primarily make use of living organisms or molecular and cellular techniques to provide chemicals, food and services that meet human needs.

It is, thus, a unification of the whole psychosomatic organism from its cellular perspective.

We even use these principles when it comes to doing research that involves manipulating cellular organisms to evolve into what we want them to (since generations can pass in days instead of 100s of years for cellular organisms).

The ability of biology to detail the organisation and constitution of life - forms, not just on a cellular level, but now also on a genetic and molecular level, and its description of how such factors canaffect the global behaviour of an organism, should be taken into account in the theological and philosophical discussion of free will, individual identity / personality, conscience, the soul, and other areas concerning human behaviour, especially in regard to morality.

Upon an imaginary earth of constantly increasing extent, living organisms, being only loosely associated, might well remain at the mono - cellular stage (if indeed they got so far); and certainly Man, if free to live in a scattered state, would never have reached even the neolithic stage of social development.

Our evolution from a singular celled organism due the inward placed orders of the submicrocosmological being subjected beforehand; is but an under the unknowable considerations regarding the whys and hows of cellular cosmologies tenured coming of age.

Gradually organic chemicals were synthesized and eventually self - replicating complex molecules evolved, enabling the evolution of living cells, leading to multi - cellular organisms, plants and animals.

say, the atomic level do not begin to predict the properties of matter at the cellular level, let alone at the level of complex organisms.

To help make ideas about energy more concrete, for example, the new unit will use a variety of analogies from more familiar physical systems (e.g., combustion and charging a cellphone battery) to help students understand those same energy - releasing and energy - requiring chemical reactions and energy transfer when they occur in living organisms (e.g., cellular respiration, creating a charge across a membrane in mitochondria and nerve cells) where the reactions are more complex and difficult to observe.

The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate.

For example, instead of using a water - based substance as a basis for its cellular processes, a Martian organism might use hydrogen peroxide, a molecule similar to perchlorate that is abundant on Mars.

The sense of smell may be linked to the cellular ageing process in many other organisms — even people.

As the research team noted in its report in the journal Science, the enormous complexity of the Mimivirus's genetic complement «challenges the established frontier between viruses and parasitic cellular organisms.»

Sequence analysis of the virus revealed numerous genes previously thought to exist only in cellular organisms.

Called mTOR in mammals, for the term «mammalian target of rapamycin,» this pathway has a critical evolutionary value — it helps an organism avoid too much cellular expansion and growth when energy supplies are insufficient.

«We are trying to understand the causes of aging by linking the mechanisms that control the oxidation of proteins at the cellular level with the mechanisms that determine the lifespan of the whole organism,» Apfeld says.

The report, which drew heavily on two Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) workshops held in 1995, also recommends more research on such topics as DNA biomarkers that can gauge an organism's exposure to endocrine disruptors; models for predicting how endocrine disruptors are metabolized; mechanisms of how endocrine disruptors act at a cellular level; and the effects of mixtures.

What's more, only a very small percentage (6 %) of proteins encoded by Pandoravirus salinus are similar to those already identified in other viruses or cellular organisms.

This new technology has major implications not just for plant biology, but also for cellular biology research in every type of organism, including humans.

One, apoptosis, is a form of controlled cellular suicide, usually for the benefit of the organism.

«First aid kit in some living organisms helps fix DNA after lengthy sun exposure: New study unveils the binding mechanisms of enzymes capable of repairing DNA damaged by UV light before any risk of cellular malfunction sets in.»

The living organism is often too complex to identify the specific causes of a particular cellular behavior.

Drosophila serves as a model organism that helps geneticists to decode the molecular fundamentals of cellular biology and unravel mechanisms that are conserved in human beings and other vertebrates.

The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a prime organism for studying fundamental cellular processes, with the functions of many proteins important in the cell cycle and signaling networks found in human biology having first been discovered in yeast.

The researchers discovered that from one stage to another, Capsaspora's suite of proteins undergoes extensive changes, and the organism uses many of the same tools as multicellular animals to regulate these cellular processes.

His group studies the cellular and genetic control of gastrulation movements in zebrafish, one of the model organisms studied at the institute besides Drosophila, the C. elegans worm, frogs, mice, and newts.

Scientists use it as a model organism for studying cellular signals, disease, and the movement of cells in response to a chemical stimulus (chemotaxis).

Potassium channels, present in the cells of virtually living organisms, are core components in bioelectricity generation and cellular communication.

Manipulating biological processes with minimal interference, from the cellular level to the behavior of whole organisms, is a burgeoning scientific effort to better understand how living things work and to develop more effective treatments for a range of medical disorders.

The single cell and the two cells resulting from it, have the highest level of cellular plasticity: They are totipotent, which means they can make a full organism, including the extra-embryonic placental tissue.

The new findings show how death spreads through the organism via the process of cellular necrosis.

Through a variety of mechanistic interactions, mTORC1 interprets cues in the cellular environment, including the availability of nutrients, and signals the organism to act accordingly.

It is also a prime regulator of cellular metabolism and division in organisms as diverse as worms and humans.

Through a series of protein - mediated signals, mTORC1 interprets cues in the cellular environment, including nutrient availability, and instructs the organism to react accordingly.

The microbe seems to be able to replace phosphorus with arsenic in some of its basic cellular processes — suggesting the possibility of a biochemistry very different from the one we know, which could be used by organisms in past or present extreme environments on Earth, or even on other planets.

Genome editing is used in many different cell types and organisms to specifically modify genes for the interrogation of fundamental cellular pathways.

The team's research shows that the interaction of CRISPR / Cas systems with the cellular mechanisms of their host organisms is stronger than previously suspected, meaning there could be greater potential for the use of such systems.

The HFSP supports novel, innovative and interdisciplinary basic research focused on the complex mechanisms of living organisms; topics range from molecular and cellular approaches to systems and cognitive neuroscience and the interactions between organisms.

Based on the previous evidences, it rusults important to maintain cellular NAD + availability especially in mitochondria when stresses induce a major consumption of NAD + and ATP and prone the organism more susceptible to ROS damages.

An obvious question is how cellular senescence caused by deficient DNA repair finally affects the aging of a living organism.

Each form of the enzyme appears to have different cellular roles — i.e., allows the organism to use carbon monoxide in a different way.

Potassium channels, present in the cells of virtually all living organisms, are core components in bioelectricity generation and cellular communication.

The Alliance brings together the efforts of the major National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)- funded Model Organism Database (MOD) groups, and the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium, in a synergistic integration of expertly - curated information about the functioning of cellular systems.

In animal systems, pluripotency can be verified through direct means: pluripotent stem cells can be introduced into an developing embryo and thus the cellular developmental potential of any given in vitro preparation can be directly determined by observing the amount of chimaerism or viability of organisms partially or fully derived from in vitro stem cells.

(9) Indeed, the degenerative aging process is by definition one in which the organism progressively accumulates damage to its cellular and molecular components over time, so any genetic or environmental factor that leads to a greater burden of such damage will bear some resemblance to the aging phenotype, irrespective of the causal origin of the defect or its relationship to «normal» aging.

Scientists have known that, in organisms ranging in complexity from yeast to humans, different kinds of cellular stress — such as a backlog of unfolded proteins, DNA - damaging UV light, a shortage of the amino acid building blocks needed to make protein, viral infection, iron deficiency — trigger different enzymes to act downstream to switch off eIF2 alpha.

We humans have descended from organisms that adapted to living in a prokaryotic world, and we humans retain (conserved in evolutionary terms) in our Eukaraotic mitochondria the cellular machinery to power our cells that we inherited (i.e., Endosymbiosis) from the prokaryotes of deep time on earth.

We have also identified a transcriptional signature of aneuploidy that is associated with cellular stress and slow proliferation, and is found in aneuploid primary and cancer cells across a host of organisms.