Sentences with phrase «of change in surface temperature»

I'm not aware that it is common knowledge that MODTRAN programs can calculate the change in outgoing radiant energy as a function of a change in surface temperature, all other factors held constant.

While Spencer hypothesizes that the changes in cloud cover are the main driver behind global warming, Dessler concludes that they're only responsible for a small percentage of the changes in surface temperature from 2000 to 2010.

However, while Spencer hypothesizes that the changes in cloud cover are the main driver behind global warming, Dessler concludes that they're only responsible for a small percentage of the changes in surface temperature from 2000 to 2010.

Not exact matches

That wind - driven circulation change leads to cooler ocean temperatures on the surface of the eastern Pacific, and more heat being mixed in and stored in the western Pacific down to about 300 meters (984 feet) deep, said England.

One of the subtle changes visible in the new data - set is how the Amazon's greenness corresponds to one of the long - known causes of rainfall or drought to the Amazon basin: changes in sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean, called the El Nino Southern Oscillation.

The satellite - based record of land surface maximum temperatures, scientists have found, provides a sensitive global thermometer that links bulk shifts in maximum temperatures with ecosystem change and human well - being.

Using records dating back to 1855, hurricane researchers say they have uncovered an ongoing rise in the number of Atlantic hurricanes that tracks the increase in sea surface temperature related to climate change.

This is a strong indication that agriculture, and not changing sea surface temperature, caused the regional changes in climate during the last third of the 20th century, the researchers say.

Reports on the state of the Arctic, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's 2012 Arctic Report Card, published in December, furnish Arctic temperatures and measurements of the changing thickness of the active layer of the permafrost, the layer of surface soil that melts and refreezes each year.

It was the discovery of a consistent year - to - year profile that allowed the researchers to move beyond a previous analysis, in which they identified the hottest spots on Earth, to the development of a new global - change indicator that uses the entire planet's maximum land surface temperatures.

Several studies linked this to changes in sea surface temperatures in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, but it was not clear if this was part of a long - term trend.

The climatic change at issue is known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), a periodic cycle of warming and cooling of surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.

While natural climate variations like El Niño do affect the frequency and severity of heat waves from one year to the next, the study suggests the increases are mainly linked to long - term changes in sea surface temperatures.

Beyond human activity, tropical sea surface temperatures further back in time are affected by volcanic eruptions, changes in the intensity of sunlight and natural events like El Niño.

«We found that there was a surface temperature impact due to changes in water vapor in a fairly narrow region of the stratosphere,» explains research meteorologist Karen Rosenlof of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Aeronomy Laboratory, one of the authors of the study.

OU Professors Jeffrey F. Kelly, Todd Fagin and Eli S. Bridge, Oklahoma Biological Survey, and graduate student Kyle G. Horton, Department of Biology, OU College of Arts and Sciences; in collaboration with OU Professors Phillip B. Chilson, School of Meteorology, and Kirsten de Beurs, Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, OU College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences; and Phillip M. Stepanian, formerly with the Advanced Radar Research Center, worked together to demonstrate how migration timing relates to land surface phenology and temperature changes.

Tamsin Edwards, a climatologist at the Open University in the UK, says it is too early to tell, since changes in the PDO can only be detected through statistical analysis of large amounts of data on ocean surface temperatures.

The plan is to drop sensors into the surrounding ocean to measure water temperatures, then skim the ice for signs of changes in surface height.

«The predicted changes in surface water temperatures will affect the thermal characteristics of the lakes,» said Dokulil.

Taking factors such as sea surface temperature, greenhouse gases and natural aerosol particles into consideration, the researchers determined that changes in the concentration of black carbon could be the primary driving force behind the observed alterations to the hydrological cycle in the region.

The results suggest that the impact of sea ice seems critical for the Arctic surface temperature changes, but the temperature trend elsewhere seems rather due mainly to changes in ocean surface temperatures and atmospheric variability.

Kevin Trenbeth, a climate scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., said the study didn't account for changes in sea surface temperatures, which are the main drivers of changes in the position of the rain belts (as is seen during an El Nino event, when Pacific warming pushes the subtropical jet over the Western U.S. southward).

They estimated that land - use changes in the continental United States since the 1960s have resulted in a rise in the mean surface temperature of 0.25 degree Fahrenheit, a figure Kalnay says «is at least twice as high as previous estimates based on urbanization alone.»

Of course, while short - term changes in sea level can be predicted fairly accurately based on the motions of the moon and sun, it is a lot harder predicting the ups and downs of the average global surface temperature — there is a lot of noise, or natural variation, in the systeOf course, while short - term changes in sea level can be predicted fairly accurately based on the motions of the moon and sun, it is a lot harder predicting the ups and downs of the average global surface temperature — there is a lot of noise, or natural variation, in the systeof the moon and sun, it is a lot harder predicting the ups and downs of the average global surface temperature — there is a lot of noise, or natural variation, in the systeof the average global surface temperature — there is a lot of noise, or natural variation, in the systeof noise, or natural variation, in the system.

Ajay Kalra of the Desert Research Institute in Las Vegas has identified several regions of the Pacific Ocean where changes in sea surface temperature appear to be statistically linked to the Colorado River's streamflow.

In recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsIn recent years, a brand of research called «climate attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factorsin incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factors).

The data, in the form of infrared images of the Earth's surface, is used to detect changes in sea surface temperatures for research -LSB-...]

The team analyzed an index of sea surface temperatures from the Bering Sea and found that in years with higher than average Arctic temperatures, changes in atmospheric circulation resulted in the aforementioned anomalous climates throughout North America.

There are strong competing effects such as changes in the large - scale atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperature changes like El Niño and La Niña and the dynamics of westerly storm tracks that all interact at the mid-latitudes,» said Stanford co-author Matthew Winnick who contributed to the study with fellow doctoral student Daniel Ibarra.

Although the rising average global surface temperature is an indicator of the degree of disruption that we have imposed on the global climate system, what's actually happening involves changes in circulation patterns, changes in precipitation patterns, and changes in extremes.

The study stops short of attributing California's latest drought to changes in Arctic sea ice, partly because there are other phenomena that play a role, like warm sea surface temperatures and changes to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, an atmospheric climate pattern that typically shifts every 20 to 30 years.

The first image, based on data from January 1997 when El Nio was still strengthening shows a sea level rise along the Equator in the eastern Pacific Ocean of up to 34 centimeters with the red colors indicating an associated change in sea surface temperature of up to 5.4 degrees C.

The effects of wind changes, which were found to potentially increase temperatures in the Southern Ocean between 660 feet and 2,300 feet below the surface by 2 °C, or nearly 3.6 °F, are over and above the ocean warming that's being caused by the heat - trapping effects of greenhouse gases.

Linsley said the new results were «exciting,» suggesting that the «poorly understood, rapid rise» in surface temperature from 1910 to 1940 was, in part, «related to changes in trade wind strength and heat release from the upper water column» of the Pacific Ocean.

Changes in the temperature of the sea surface in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans are linked to the pattern of rainfall over parts of the surrounding continents.

As world leaders hold climate talks in Paris, research shows that land surface temperatures may rise by an average of almost 8C by 2100, if significant efforts are not made to counteract climate change.

An analysis using updated global surface temperature data disputes the existence of a 21st century global warming slowdown described in studies including the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment.

The committee has prepared a report that, in my view, provides policy makers and the scientific community with a critical view of surface temperature reconstructions and how they are evolving over time, as well as a good sense of how important our understanding of the paleoclimate temperature record is within the overall state of scientific knowledge on global climate change.

Finally, none of the teams experienced a shift in Shannon - Wiener diversity or evenness, which would be expected in an exercise - driven community shift, since metabolically active bacteria might come to dominate the community with a change in pH, temperature and moisture at the skin surface.

That study addressed a puzzle, namely that recent studies using the observed changes in Earth's surface temperature suggested climate sensitivity is likely towards the lower end of the estimated range.

Here, we report on local and global changes in MHW characteristics over time as recorded by satellite and in situ measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) and defined using a quantitative MHW framework, which allows for comparisons across regions and events1.

For the change in annual mean surface air temperature in the various cases, the model experiments show the familiar pattern documented in the SAR with a maximum warming in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a minimum in the Southern Ocean (due to ocean heat uptake)(2)

Consistent with observed changes in surface temperature, there has been an almost worldwide reduction in glacier and small ice cap (not including Antarctica and Greenland) mass and extent in the 20th century; snow cover has decreased in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere; sea ice extents have decreased in the Arctic, particularly in spring and summer (Chapter 4); the oceans are warming; and sea level is rising (Chapter 5).

The interaction of the ocean and atmosphere means that these changes in sea surface temperatures are translated into changes in wind direction and strength.

To remove this difference in magnitude and focus instead on the patterns of change, the authors scaled the vertical profiles of ocean temperature (area - weighted with respect to each vertical ocean layer) with the global surface air temperature trend of each period.

This is defined as the change in average global surface temperature for a given amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in the atmosphere.

These rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an increase in global average temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed by the oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in surface ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).

After participation in a ship expedition with RV SONNE to the North Pacific in summer 2018, the tasks include to reconstruct the spatial and temporal changes in near - surface and subsurface water temperatures in the North Pacific, salinity, thermocline depth, and water mass stratification of the upper oceanic surface using geochemical proxy parameters, e.g. in planktic microfossils.

Long - term (decadal and multi-decadal) variation in total annual streamflow is largely influenced by quasi-cyclic changes in sea - surface temperatures and resulting climate conditions; the influence of climate warming on these patterns is uncertain.

By plotting the anomaly temperatures, scientists can obtain a precise idea of the intensity of change in sea - surface temperatures.