In fact, the diet should be approximately 70 % of calories from unadulturated fats like low carb nuts (pecans and macadamias are great, almonds ok and peanuts and cashews are considered higher carb on the nut scale), avocado, grass fed butter, coconut oil, olive oil; and the remainng 15/15 for protein and non-starchy vegetable carbs, especially nutrient dense leafy greens It is carbohydrates or high protein leading to gluconeogenesis in the diet that make concurrent consumption of fats a cardiovascular risk, but in a properly carb - restricted and moderate protein diet, and in the absence of systemic inflammation (hsCRP, ESR), one should not worry about increases in cholesterol, but focus on the size
of the cholesterol particles (bigger is better) Dr. Peter Attia explains this complex topic well.
We run the NMR lipid test which looks at the size and number
of the cholesterol particles in your blood, rather than just the amount of cholesterol.
I saw «The Last Heart Attack» and I was wondering what you thought about what Dr. Arthur Agatston said in the show, as he's the inventor of the South Beach Diet, I'm wondering how credible his idea that the size
of cholesterol particles and your cholesterol number doesn't matter.
Not exact matches
To mimic this versatile substance, Joke Bouwstra and Robert Rissman at Leiden University in the Netherlands mixed a range
of fatty compounds including lanolin, fatty acids, ceramides and
cholesterol with
particles made
of a water - storing hydrogel (International Journal
of Pharmaceutics, DOI: 10.1016 / j.ijpharm.2009.01.013).
In individuals with high HDL -
cholesterol levels in the circulation, the lipid composition
of the HDL
particle was more beneficial regarding heart disease risk.
LDL
particles transport
cholesterol to the organs
of the body from the blood stream.
In individuals, whose HDL -
cholesterol levels were low, the quality
of HDL
particles was also impaired; they contained smaller amounts
of lipid molecules which are known to be antioxidant and thus protective to arteries.
It is likely that molecules other than
cholesterol — the lipid and protein molecules on the surface
of the HDL
particle — are responsible for the protective effects
of HDL
particles against heart disease.
Men are also reported to have smaller low - density lipoprotein
particles than women, whereas men and postmenopausal women have higher levels
of serum
cholesterol and triglyceride sub-classes compared with premenopausal women.
Her paradoxical case has helped motivate a team
of scientists to show how high «good
cholesterol» can sometimes be a signal not
of heart health, but
of the opposite: a
cholesterol system unable to siphon the fatty
particles from circulation.
Statins, prescribed to lower
cholesterol and reduce risks
of heart attacks and strokes, seem to diminish inflammation that occurs after people breathe airborne
particles
For example, a chronic inflammatory disease such as gout or arteriosclerosis may be triggered by a very specific interaction
of a
particle (uric acid crystals,
cholesterol crystals, amyloid plaque,....)
Another area focuses on the HDL
particle (carrier
of good
cholesterol in the blood).
Now a team
of scientists, led by Mary Jo LaDu in the department
of pathology at the University
of Chicago Medical Center, has shown that the apoE - containing fat transporters found in brain cells are very different from the apoE
particles found elsewhere in the body and contain most
of their
cholesterol in a different form.
The differences between the lipoproteins secreted by astrocytes and those found in the CSF suggest that the astrocytes produce
particles that help the brain rid itself
of excess
cholesterol in addition to helping deliver membrane components to the nerve cells.
The tiny
particles are 1,000 times smaller than the tip
of a human hair, and are designed to latch on to atherosclerotic plaques — hard deposits made from accumulated fat,
cholesterol and calcium that build up on the walls
of arteries and are prone to rupture, producing dangerous clots.
According to another study, apple cider vinegar contains the antioxidant chlorogenic acid, which protects the
particles of the LDL
cholesterol from becoming oxidized, thus reducing the risk
of heart disease.
The LDL -
particle number and the small dense LDL -
particles fell toward normal with the addition
of the avocado to the diet — both favorable results for people with high
cholesterol.
According to the Cooper Institute, a good way to determine what kind
of LDL
particles you have is to find your ratio
of triglycerides to HDL
cholesterol.
It also transports
cholesterol from extra-hepatic sites, including the arterial wall, to the liver for excretion via reverse
cholesterol transport.77 Results from IER (60 - 85 % ER / alternate days) trials have thus far been inconsistent, with some reporting decreases 40, and others increases 37, 39, but with the majority showing no effects on HDL
cholesterol levels.38, 42, 43, 45, 49, 51, 52Inconsistencies may have arisen due to the biphasic response
of HDL documented by studies
of ER induced weight - loss, whereby levels typically decrease during active weight - loss then either return to baseline or (less commonly) rise following attainment
of weight stability.78 Complementary increases in HDL levels and
particle size have been shown when endurance exercise have been combined with IER 42, 46, 47 however further discussion goes beyond the scope
of this review.
So, for those you listening in, just to kinda bring this full circle here briefly, high cortisol, in the case
of high cortisol, one
of the things that Dr. Bryan recommended was to look at things like your
cholesterol particles and your HDL, to look at things like your testosterone, to look at things like the ACTH that we talked about, and some
of these other variables that can affect ACTH, and then
of course, something like an oxidative stress panel.
Another thing about
cholesterol: even though higher LDL numbers are seen as risky, the type
of LDL
particles you have shuttling through your arteries is most important.
It seems fairly clear that those on keto and very - low - carb diets who get most
of their energy from fat — including their own fat stores — tend to have more LDL
particles circulating in their bloodstream, delivering triglycerides to cells and transferring
cholesterol to other lipoproteins.
This way you can raise your HDL
cholesterol («good»
cholesterol), lower your triglycerides and reduce levels
of small
particle LDL
cholesterol («bad»
cholesterol).
Increased enterohepatic circulation on high fat means that
cholesterol is kept «in play» - bounced back into the bloodstream in ApoB
particles - while low enterohepatic circulation, in people with with higher synthesis rates, during weight loss - when
cholesterol is being dumped by shrinking cells - means that
cholesterol can pile up in the gall bladder faster than it can be conjugated to bile salts and bile acids and faster than it can be extracted by the weak stimulus
of low fat food.
In a 2010 study published in the American Journal
of Clinical Nutrition, the researchers found that when you replace saturated fat with a higher carbohydrate intake, you increase insulin resistance and obesity, and increase your chances
of getting heart disease by increasing triglycerides and small LDL
particles, and reducing beneficial HDL
cholesterol.
We are just starting to understand how the body carries
cholesterol to and from cells in the form
of LDL, VDL, and HDL
particles.
The type
of cholesterol (LDL
particle size) is the more important factor in regards to
cholesterol consumption.
The smaller the
particles, and the more
of them, the more likely you are to have heart disease and plaque, even if the total
cholesterol level is low.
It is important to understand that cardiovascular disease is not just an illnesses that is associated with having high blood fats (high LDL
cholesterol and an abnormal distribution
of LDL
particle size), but it is also an inflammatory condition.
«The results indicate that when the
cholesterol and
particle measures
of LDL disagree, the clinical and subclinical outcomes track with LDL - P more so than with LDL - C» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070150/
The idea that small LDL
particles are the only bad ones and large LDL is benign is just something made up by people selling low carb diets as a way to excuse one
of the biggest flaws
of the diet, which is that it raises your LDL
cholesterol and consequently your risk
of developing heart disease.
LDL or «bad
cholesterol» measures the amount
of cholesterol in the LDL
particles but not the number or size
of the
particles.
Increased glycated ApoE
particles have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
of AD patients.34, 35 The physiological insult
of glycated ApoE is that ApoE helps transport LDL
particles (and their critical
cholesterol and fatty acid passengers) across the blood brain barrier.
And, naturally, the drug companies don't want you to know that part
of the science because it would severely limit the number
of people going on
cholesterol - lowering drugs, since statins do not modulate the size
of the
particles.
Glucose / HBA1C Free - ranging glucose molecules in your bloodstream can adhere to
cholesterol particles and cause those
particles to remain in the bloodstream for long periods
of time, since your liver can't properly process
cholesterol when it has a glucose molecule attached to it.
Siri Tarino stated, «However, replacement
of saturated fat by carbohydrates, particularly refined carbohydrates and added sugars, increases levels
of triglyceride and small LDL
particles and reduces high - density lipoprotein
cholesterol, effects that are
of particular concern in the context
of the increased prevalence
of obesity and insulin resistance.
What matters is whether the
cholesterol and fat residing in those LDL particles have been oxidized... «Cholesterol has nothing to do with heart disease, except if it's oxidized,» Dr. Kummerow said... [He] contends that the high temperatures used in commercial frying cause inherently unstable polyunsaturated oils to oxidize, and that these oxidized fatty acids become a destructive part of LDL
cholesterol and fat residing in those LDL
particles have been oxidized... «
Cholesterol has nothing to do with heart disease, except if it's oxidized,» Dr. Kummerow said... [He] contends that the high temperatures used in commercial frying cause inherently unstable polyunsaturated oils to oxidize, and that these oxidized fatty acids become a destructive part of LDL
Cholesterol has nothing to do with heart disease, except if it's oxidized,» Dr. Kummerow said... [He] contends that the high temperatures used in commercial frying cause inherently unstable polyunsaturated oils to oxidize, and that these oxidized fatty acids become a destructive part
of LDL
particles.
Studies have linked them to improvements in LDL
cholesterol and
particle levels, lower blood pressure, and reduction
of inflammatory markers (23, 24, 25, 26, 27).
Furthermore, positive associations between TSH and LDL as well as total
cholesterol levels have been found in cross-sectional studies in euthyroid healthy subjects, and the strength
of these associations seems to depend on an individual's insulin sensitivity.We therefore hypothesize that the KD has diminished the production
of T3 from T4, thereby reducing the number
of LDL receptors and thus reducing LDL
particle clearance which might be further impaired due to the missing stimulating effect
of insulin on LDL uptake into cells.
According to research found in Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, large LDL
particles were not found to be associated with an increased risk
of ischemic heart disease in men, and that the cardiovascular risk LDL
cholesterol does pose is related to levels
of its small
particles.
What we've learned since then, when it comes to
cholesterol health and heart disease risk, is that the relative size and number
of LDL
particles in the bloodstream matter.
As they circulate in the bloodstream they release little
particles of fat and
cholesterol that are utilized by the cells or stored as body fat.
The results from this trial clearly indicate that the replacement
of refined carbohydrates with EPRO and UFA increased insulin sensitivity, LDL peak
particle size, and lowered fasting TG and VLDL
cholesterol concentrations in men and women with an elevated TG concentrations.
Some say its a numbers game, the more LDL
particles crashing the walls
of the arteries... some say the LDL is only a sign
of vascular damage, but if my LDL goes down on a low fat diet, then that is bs, some say that it may be a problem metabolizing LDL, intake / production is outpacing LDL receptor activity, some say its not LDL but LDL that stays in the blood too long and oxidizes, some say about 20 % carbs (I was less than 5 %) will produce just enough insulin to help metabolize
cholesterol, but the hard core low carb guys, say the whole
cholesterol thing is a scam and
cholesterol under 500, without insulin resistance is nothing to worry about.
The results
of this study also show that theEPRO / UFA condition reduced TD and VLDL
cholesterol concentrations and increased LDL
particle size compared with the refined - carbohydrate condition, indicating improved cardiovascular health.
Lipoprotein lipid profile disturbances associated with an elevated TG level include low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol and HDL
particle (HDL - P), and a predominance
of small dense Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL
particle (LDL - P).
We also have the testing to evaluate the FUNCTION
of your LDL
particles, not just the total amount
of LDL
cholesterol.
The study also reported improvements in other cardiovascular and metabolic variables such as triglycerides, LDL -
cholesterol particle size, and C - reactive protein, but it did not correct for multiple comparisons (a common scientific design problem
of many fasting studies)(36).
Soluble fiber can reduce both «bad» LDL and overall
cholesterol, perhaps by binding with
cholesterol particles in your digestive system and moving them out
of the body before they're absorbed.