Cluster e (e) shows a network
of cingulate gyrus (BA 24) and bilateral insular and superior temporal gyrus (BA 13/22), a network that is also commonly found in resting - state studies.
The researchers found that the processing of social norms mainly activated the regions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, while norm violations mainly activated the insula along with dorsolateral prefrontal regions and parts
of the cingulate gyrus.
Not exact matches
Areas
of the visual cortex responsible for recognizing complex visual scenes as well as the anterior
cingulate gyrus, which governs attention and motivation, are also active during REM sleep.
In a study published in the June American Journal
of Psychiatry, Saxena reported that hoarders have lower activity in the
cingulate gyrus — a structure that runs through the middle
of the brain, front to back — particularly in areas known to be involved in decision making and focusing attention.
«In particular, obesity led to altered activity in a part
of the brain linked to the development
of Alzheimer's disease — the posterior
cingulate gyrus.
Being nice «The great complexity
of human social interactions and the huge variation in what we find rewarding compared with other primates prompts questions about whether the anterior
cingulate gyrus operates similarly in the human brain,» Matthew Apps and Narender Ramnani, who work on neuroimaging and human cognition at Royal Holloway, University
of London, UK, told Nature in an email.
Side view
of the brain summarizing blood flow results from tens
of thousands
of study subjects shows increased blood flow in women compared to men, highlighted in the red colored areas
of the brain: the
cingulate gyrus and precuneus.
Specifically, males on average had larger volumes and higher tissue densities in the left amygdala, hippocampus, insular cortex, putamen; higher densities in the right VI lobe
of the cerebellum and in the left claustrum; and larger volumes in the bilateral anterior parahippocampal
gyri, posterior
cingulate gyri, precuneus, temporal poles, and cerebellum, areas in the left posterior and anterior
cingulate gyri, and in the right amygdala, hippocampus, and putamen.
The left precuneus demonstrated decreased FC to several regions
of pain processing, reward, and higher executive functioning within the prefrontal (orbitofrontal, anterior
cingulate, ventromedial prefrontal) and parietal cortices (angular
gyrus, superior and inferior parietal lobules).
Including data on greater deactivation
of sham acupuncture points compared to baseline (3d, rest > sham) from 50 subjects, 5 experiments and 52 foci, resulted in significant convergence in pregenual anterior
cingulate, subgenual cortex and parahippocampal
gyrus.
The activations
of the anterior and posterior
cingulate gyrus and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex further support the assumption that the perception
of chemosensory anxiety signals might release feelings
of empathy.
The convergence
of brain regions shown for these meta - analyses comparing verum and sham acupuncture overlapped for middle
cingulate gyrus.
Contrasting the perception
of anxiety sweat with sport sweat, significant brain activations were detected in the right insula (BA 44, 47, 48; Fig. 3a), the right precuneus (BA 4, 5; Fig. 3b), the left supramarginal
gyrus (BA 40), the right thalamus, the dorsomedial frontal
gyrus (BA 6, 8, 9), the right inferior frontal gyurs (BA 44), the right anterior (BA 24) and posterior (BA 23, 29)
cingulated gyrus (Fig. 3c), the right substantia nigra, the left fusiform
gyrus (BA 37; Fig. 3d), the left cerebellum (BA 19, 30) and the medial vermis (see Table 2).
Verum acupuncture showed also more deactivation in part
of the limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus,
cingulate gyrus / cortex)[47], [52].
The
cingulate gyrus is known to be activated during the processing
of social information [34], [41], including body odors [22].
The fMRI results (event - related design) show that chemosensory anxiety signals activate brain areas involved in the processing
of social emotional stimuli (fusiform
gyrus), and in the regulation
of empathic feelings (insula, precuneus,
cingulate cortex).
Cluster a (a) shows the default mode network, consisting
of frontal regions, including superior frontal
gyrus (BA 8/9) and medial frontal
gyrus (BA 10/11) and precuneus / posterior
cingulate cortex (BA 23/31) and bilateral regions overlapping middle / superior temporal tyrus (BA 21/39) and inferior / superior parietal cortex (BA 39/40).
They may be located in the
cingulate gyrus, pyriform - hippocampal area
of the temporal lobe, basal ganglia, cerebellum, occipital lobe, or septum pellucidum and fornix and comprise variable combinations
of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
The determination
of relevance to self
of verbal statements
of differing emotional valence involved left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (left inferior frontal
gyrus, BA 47), right caudate and right
cingulate gyrus (BA 24).
We hypothesized that whole - brain and region -
of - interest analyses would identify differences in cortical thickness in prefrontal (especially anterior
cingulate, middle frontal
gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex) brain regions in female adolescents with early onset SUD, compared to controls.