Among the hundreds of thousands
of climate observations recorded in the Bureau's database each day, it is unavoidable that some records contain errors.
Among the hundreds of thousands
of climate observations recorded in the Bureau of Meteorology's database each day, it is unavoidable that some records will not necessarily be correct.
A comprehensive Climate Data Store (CDS) will eventually give access to a large range
of climate observations, reanalyses, predictions and projections.
It would be useful to start in the USA where the density
of climate observations is high, then extend to other well - measured countries.
Actual scientists have already done that, using years
of climate observations that do not in any way, shape, or form match up with the climate models that cost the industrialized world billions of dollars over the past three decades.
Detailed information are available here, to navigate the universe
of Climate Observations, Earth - System Modeling, Climate Services.
Over the course of the last few years a robust and formalised dialogue between the bodies with responsibility for the specification
of climate observations and space agencies has led to a coherent set of requirement, agreed globally.
It is GCOS» task to make sure, that the totality
of all climate observation networks is more than the sum of the individual networks, forming together the one Global Climate Observing System, providing the full picture of our climate.
We have learned that data access and archival
of climate observation and modeling results needs to be better communicated and more transparent.
Not exact matches
A wintry sort
of spirituality does not literally trace the cycles
of the seasons and is not a weather report or an
observation on the
climate.
While many
of the
observations about where
climate is at made me want to hide under the chair and cry, I really felt that there are brands out there that are doing the right thing, and we're on the right path.
The same University
of Michigan study found that relying too much on «local weather
observations» can be an impediment to understanding the worldwide reality
of climate change.
Three extreme weather events in the Amazon Basin in the last decade are giving scientists an opportunity to make
observations that will allow them to predict the impacts
of climate change and deforestation on some
of the most important ecological processes and ecosystem services
of the Amazon River wetlands.
A large number
of additional
observations are broadly consistent with the observed warming and reflect a flow
of heat from the atmosphere into other components
of the
climate system.
In the interest
of our future world, scientists must seek to understand the complexities
of linked natural events and field
observations that are revealed in the geologic record
of past warmer
climates.
Previous research has suggested a connection between coal - burning and the Sahel drought, but this was the first study that used decades
of historical
observations to find that this drought was part
of a global shift in tropical rainfall, and then used multiple
climate models to determine why.
Combining
observations from satellites and ground stations with
climate models, they evaluated different factors that affect telescope vision, such as the amount
of water vapour, wind speeds and atmospheric turbulence.
Simple
observation confirms the basic science
of climate change.
The researchers were able to test their hypothesis that stronger winds were driving the ocean heat uptake by putting the
observations of wind behavior into
climate models.
Some researchers have proposed that these lava floods caused global extinctions on Earth and that they affect
climate change, says planetary geologist Alfred McEwen
of the University
of Arizona, head
of the Io
observation team.
The
observations will be used to allow more precise reconstructions
of historic
climate shifts.
«We created the largest database
of surface ozone from hourly
observations at more than 4,800 monitoring sites worldwide, and we're making these data freely available to anyone who wants to investigate the impact
of ozone on human health, vegetation, and
climate.»
Nadeau also studies the potential impacts
of climate change on species around the globe, using modeling, field
observation and experiments to predict where species are most vulnerable and determine how conservation groups can best mitigate the negative impacts
of climate change on animal populations.
Mission leaders were relieved and eager to begin their studies
of cloud and haze effects, which «constitute the largest uncertainties in our models
of future
climate — that's no exaggeration,» says Jens Redemann, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, and the principal investigator for
ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their IntEractionS (ORACLES).
A new report by the National Academies
of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine finds that continuity
of ocean
observations is vital to gain an accurate understanding
of the
climate, and calls for a decadal, national plan that is adequately resourced and implemented to ensure critical ocean information is available to understand and predict future changes.
Given that ocean
observations for
climate provide a wide range
of benefits to the agricultural, shipping, fishing, insurance, and energy - supply industries, the committee that wrote the report suggested that efforts could be made to draw support for ocean observing from the commercial sector.
Funding mechanisms that rely on annual budget approval or short - term grants may result in discontinuity
of ocean -
climate measurements, reducing the value
of the
observations made to date and in the future.
Like OOI, EMSO will collect a wide range
of data, integrating geologic, biological, and
climate - change
observations.
Truly comprehending the world's waters and how they react to
climate change requires
observations spanning decades, says Uwe Send, a physical oceanographer at the Scripps Institution
of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif..
Because El Niño's warmer, drier conditions in tropical regions mimic the effects
of climate change expected by the end
of the century, those
observations may be a sobering harbinger
of the tropics» diminishing role as a...
«Advances in global
climate models and high quality ocean, atmospheric and land
observations are helping us push the frontiers
of snowpack prediction.»
«Prior analyses have found that
climate models underestimate the observed rate
of tropical widening, leading to questions on possible model deficiencies, possible errors in the
observations, and lack
of confidence in future projections,» said Robert J. Allen, an assistant professor
of climatology in UC Riverside's Department
of Earth Sciences, who led the study.
Although scientists hesitate to draw a direct relationship between weather and
climate,
observation of weather patterns shows a definite correlation between extreme weather events and a warming
climate.
But Robeson said the
observation aligns with theories about
climate change, which hold that amplified warming in the Arctic region produces changes in the jet stream, which can result in extended periods
of cold weather at some locations in the mid-northern latitudes.
Climate - change studies by Boston University biologists show leaf - out times
of trees and shrubs at Walden Pond are an average
of 18 days earlier than when Henry David Thoreau made his
observations there in the 1850s.
In Enkelmann's
observation, the
climate - driven erosion can influence the tectonics and change the motion
of the rocks in that area.
But
observations like those at Stannard Rock are vaulting lakes into the vanguard
of climate science.
The findings, published in the May 16 issue
of Science, closely match
observations in the atmosphere and can help make
climate prediction models more accurate.
The first
observations of human - induced
climate change were published in 1938.
Two pieces examine how
climate change is affecting marine biological systems: Schofield et al. (p. 1520) illustrate and discuss the role
of ocean -
observation techniques in documenting how marine ecosystems in the West Antarctic Peninsula region are evolving, and Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno (p. 1523) present a more global view
of the ways in which marine ecosystems are being affected by rapid anthropogenic variations.
As a scientist, I value the
observations, data and facts that have been collected in many years
of climate science research.
A few
of the main points
of the third assessment report issued in 2001 include: An increasing body
of observations gives a collective picture
of a warming world and other changes in the
climate system; emissions
of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the
climate; confidence in the ability
of models to project future
climate has increased; and there is new and stronger evidence that most
of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.
This
observation is «the only significant one» in 2014 temperature data, writes
climate scientist James Hansen
of Columbia University in an e-mail to ScienceInsider.
«The highly accurate and precise data from Glory, in combination with
observations from the rest
of the A-Train, will enable researchers to improve our understanding
of the Earth system by improving our ability predict future
climate,» she said.
A new Columbia Engineering study, led by Pierre Gentine, associate professor
of earth and environmental engineering, analyzes global satellite
observations and shows that vegetation alters
climate and weather patterns by as much as 30 percent.
«Most
climate models that incorporate vegetation are built on short - term
observations, for example
of photosynthesis, but they are used to predict long - term events,» said Bond - Lamberty, who works at the Joint Global Change Research Institute, a collaboration between PNNL and the University
of Maryland in College Park, Md. «We need to understand forests in the long term, but forests change slowly and researchers don't live that long.»
A more detailed investigation
of the satellite
observations and
climate models helped the researchers finally reconcile what was happening globally versus locally.
The research concludes that for other changes, such as regional warming and sea ice changes, the
observations over the satellite - era since 1979 are not yet long enough for the signal
of human - induced
climate change to be clearly separated from the strong natural variability in the region
Using published data from the circumpolar arctic, their own new field
observations of Siberian permafrost and thermokarsts, radiocarbon dating, atmospheric modeling, and spatial analyses, the research team studied how thawing permafrost is affecting
climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.
Using global
climate models and NASA satellite
observations of Earth's energy budget from the last 15 years, the study finds that a warming Earth is able to restore its temperature equilibrium through complex and seemingly paradoxical changes in the atmosphere and the way radiative heat is transported.