We calculated the population in the flood plain based on the distribution
of coastal population per 1 m elevation increment (Table 2) assuming that all land below the computed surge heights belongs to the 100 - year flood plain.
Nicholls [13] considered two scenarios
of coastal population change in a scenario - based analysis of coastal flooding impacts for the 21st century: First a low - growth scenario, where coastal change was assumed to uniformly follow national change.
Prompt action is needed most in Asia and Africa where, today, large parts
of the coastal population are already affected by storm surge flooding.
James Hansen of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies argues that China and India will make this decision out of pure self - interest, since rising sea levels could place large portions
of their coastal populations at risk.
Not exact matches
The
coastal provinces
of Kiangsu, Chekiang, Fukien, and Kwangtung contain the smallest number
of Muslims in modern times, although formerly they had the largest Muslim
population.
In the polders
of coastal Bangladesh, the situation exacerbates further with a significant part
of the
population which doesn't have sufficient food to eat throughout -LSB-...]
Stationed near the major ports
of Australia's
coastal cities are a group
of closely monitored beehives designed to detect the varroa mite parasite that has the potential to decimate bee
populations.
The awardee is Carolyn Mostello, a
coastal waterbird specialist for the Massachusetts Division
of Fisheries and Wildlife (Mass Wildlife) who has devoted her career to restoring
populations of federally endangered roseate terns and other island nesting species in Buzzards Bay.
Mass Audubon has an extensive history
of protecting
coastal waterbird
populations; waterbird conservation was the impetus for the formation
of the organization in 1896.
Remember that the bulk
of Westerners, though they may be more conservative than the urban
coastal population, especially on social issues, are not doctrinaire ideologues.
Their
population assessment revealed that the central Oregon
population of coastal martens is likely fewer than 87 adults divided into two subpopulations separated by the Umpqua River.
The study, published today in the online journal PeerJ, will be available to federal and state wildlife agencies for their consideration to determine whether distinct geographic
population segments
of the
coastal marten warrant state or federal listing as threatened or endangered, said Katie Moriarty, a certified wildlife biologist and lead co-author on the study.
«This study provides the most conclusive evidence yet
of risk to a
coastal marten
population,» she said.
Extensive surveys revealed that the
coastal marten
population is now restricted to two
populations, one in southern Oregon and Northern California, and another small
population in the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, west
of U.S. Highway 101 in central Oregon.
This is an important policy area to examine now: «In an era
of growing
coastal populations and rising sea levels, decisions made after one disaster strongly influence our vulnerability to the next.»
To compute how additional pollution from ships increases risk
of disease for exposed
populations, especially those living in
coastal communities or along major shipping lanes and far inland in some nations like India, the team incorporated important underlying health information from the World Health Organization and Global Asthma Network.
Sustaining fresh water and energy resources; mitigating the effects
of natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, severe weather, landslides,
coastal erosion, and solar flares; and dealing with the consequences
of global warming and sea - level rise are issues that affect all
populations, regardless
of gender, ethnicity, or cultural traditions.
WWF says that rising seas throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions
of the world have inundated
coastal ecosystems, decimating local plant and wildlife
populations.
But it also consumes energy, pollutes
coastal waters and depletes
populations of the smaller fish on which the salmon are fed.
The
population explosion has devastated the
coastal vegetation, which can not survive the constant outpouring
of urine and faeces.
Yet, as
of 2010, 39 percent
of the U.S.
population lived in
coastal areas that feature greater risks
of hurricane, floods and earthquakes.
The paper doesn't attempt to estimate the growth
of coastal migration, but it uses five different scenarios
of population growth that predict the world will be inhabited by between 7.2 billion and 14.1 billion people.
Less apparent, however, are the perceptions
of locally focused marine issues by
coastal populations living under a variety
of social and environmental influences.
The researchers undertook the study in light
of concerns about decreasing levels
of oxygen in
coastal waters worldwide, and how the growing prevalence
of low - oxygen «dead zones» might affect
populations and management
of blue crabs and other
coastal marine life.
Only the investigation
of population - wide effects makes it possible to draw conclusions for
coastal ecosystems.»
«By quantifying where and to what extent habitats reduce the exposure
of vulnerable
populations and property, our analyses are, to the best
of our knowledge, the first to target where conservation and restoration
of coastal habitats are most critical for protecting lives and property on a national scale,» the paper says.
One recent study by Gordon McGranahan, Deborah Balk, and Bridget Anderson (2007) found that although
coastal areas less than 10 meters above sea level constitute only 2 percent
of the world's land area, they contain 10 percent
of the world's
population.
The risk to
coastal areas is high because
of the high
population density in the area — some 130 million people live along the sea's coastline.
The estimates were based on information including World Bank data for trash generated per person in all nations with a coastline,
coastal population density, the amount
of plastic waste countries produce and the quality
of their waste - management practices.
It is big, and it is growing, and that trend is all the more worrisome in light
of rapid
population growth in the
coastal zones
of the world and our heavy dependence on nearshore waters for economics, nutrition and recreation.
Malin Pinsky, an ecologist at Rutgers University who studies
population dynamics
of coastal marine species and who was not involved in the research, described the study as significant because
of its unusually large scope, as well as its focus on different fish life stages.
To be specific, five Asian countries — China, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Vietnam — accounted for more than half
of the world's
population exposed to
coastal flooding in 2000 and will maintain the top five positions over the coming decades.
However,
coastal cities worldwide have experienced enormous growth in
population and infrastructure over the past couple
of centuries — and a global mean sea level rise
of 10 to 20 feet could be catastrophic to the hundreds
of millions
of people living in these
coastal zones.
Besides that, the researchers found that Africa is expected to experience the highest rate
of population growth in at - risk areas, driven by its rapid
coastal development.
In a paper published recently in the journal PLOS ONE, a team
of researchers from several Western institutes estimated the number
of people living in low - elevation
coastal zones, as well as the scale
of the
population at risk from one - in -100-year storm surge events, by using scenario - based projections.
«Modelling has been used to help develop forecasting systems to predict flood risk around the shallower southern regions
of the North Sea, where the
coastal margin is low - lying and
population density is high.
In 2010, Till Hanebuth, a geologist at the University
of Bremen in Germany, excavated more than a dozen ancient kilns in the Sundarbans, a
coastal region
of mangrove forests renowned for its
population of royal Bengal tigers.
China's aging
population and rapid migration to
coastal urban centers will make the country more susceptible to effects
of climate change like rising sea levels and extreme weather events, recent research by scientists at University College London and experts from the United States, China and India has found.
By learning more about the relationships among salmon abundance and bear
population dynamics, Darimont hopes to be able to determine whether there is a threshold
of the spawning salmon biomass that would prevent the
coastal grizzly bear
population from declining.
«The results show that people in
coastal areas are more aware
of flood threats than those living in inland flood zones, and that
populations in inland areas are increasing.
The use
of stone tools by macaques in Thailand has reduced the size and
population density
of coastal shellfish; previously it was thought that tool - assisted overharvesting effects resulted uniquely from human activity.
12: Indigenous Peoples for examples
of health impacts on vulnerable
populations) and
of place (floodplains,
coastal zones, and urban areas), as well as the resilience
of critical public health infrastructure.
Scott has recently taken up an adjunct research position at the Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University where he is currently: (i) investigating the importance
of enhanced larval survival and strong «local» reef interconnectedness as a triggering agent for primary outbreaks
of crown ‐
of ‐ thorns starfish on the central GBR, and (ii) assessing potential improvements in the health
of coastal seagrass and dependent dugong
populations due to targeted reductions in fine sediment loads from the GBR catchment.
To estimate the size
of the species
population, these citizen scientists visit 200
coastal sites over the course
of three weeks where butterflies spend their winters.
Tropical cyclones in the Bay
of Bengal, however, have devastating consequences when they hit land due to a combination
of factors such as a low - lying and flat
coastal terrain, a shallow ocean floor, and a high
population density
of surrounding countries.
Zooplankton ecology, Copepod life history strategies and
population dynamics, trophic interactions,
coastal observing
of zooplankton and ichthyoplankton seasonal species succession, zooplankton vertical distribution, fish recruitment processes and connectivity, laboratory experiments and field sampling.
Influence
of physical forcing on planktonic ecosystems and elemental cycling; mesoscale ocean dynamics; primary production;
coastal circulation; zooplankton
population dynamics; harmful algal blooms; numerical modeling and data assimilation.
Management strategies for rehabilitation and stock enhancement
of coastal shellfisheries; studies
of factors controlling recruitment
of bivalve
populations.
Plugging their data into models that account for the range
of plastic waste entering the ocean via different
coastal populations, the researchers arrived at their estimated 11.1 billion pieces
of coral - entangling plastic.
Dynamics
of marine
coastal and deepsea benthic
populations and communities.